The Industrial Revolution A Social Change - 1279 Words

There is no doubt that a technological change brings about a social change. The Industrial revolution saw many people displaced from their land, finding work in crowded city factories. Serfdom was abolished and the population shifted from villages to the cities. Strong family ties, self-sufficiency and the right to occupy land were replaced with uncertain tenancy of land, dependency on trade and a weakening of the family unit. Economically, goods and money abounded, and trade flourished. The merchant class profited from the wealth that was generated on the backs of the displaced population of urban workers. Children were sent to work in factories, in order for families to make enough money to live. The peasant class worked long hard hours†¦show more content†¦The insidious part of GM is that there is no recall once it is released into the environment. Salmon that will grow ten times faster than normal salmon will destroy river systems, as their unfair genetically modified advantage will see all smaller life forms extinguished and genetically modified crops that are dependent on pesticides will contaminate organic, heritage seeds that have sustained people for thousands of years. Seeds will no longer be able to be harvested and replanted but the farmer will have to buy new seed every year from GM seed makers. This fight is more important than the fight over open source because it involves the right of people everywhere to have clean, safe food that has not been genetically altered. Essentially GM is a tax on everyone because a patent will be on every seed and seeds are made to be sterile the following year. This is something to become angry about. The greedy corporations and individuals that want control over our food, water and land, do not care about the irreversible damage to the environment, people and animals that they cause. We have the right to eat tomatoes that are free of fish DNA, meat and milk that is free of human DNA, pigs that haven t been grown to harvest anthrax antibodies. They will never be able to prove the safety of GM food and no long term studies have been done. Nor will GM solve the problem of soil erosion, and pollution of rivers from artificial fertilizers and pesticides. OnlyShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution and Social Changes1861 Words   |  8 Pagesworkshop of the world. The industrial revolution, as the transformation came to be called, caused a sustained rise in real income per person in England and, as its effects spread, the rest of the Western world. Historians agree that the industrial revolution was one of the most important events in history, marking the rapid transition to the modern age, but they disagree about various aspects of the event. Of all the disagreements, the oldest one is over how the industrial revolution affected ordinary peopleRead MoreSocial Changes D uring The Industrial Revolution1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution in Britain led to many social changes for the country as well as its people. Prior to the revolution, many people, especially of the lower class in terms of wealth, lived in the countryside where they worked fields to feed their own families. After the Industrial Revolution began, however, this all changed as the demand for more and more goods became abundant, and a method of increasing the supply was needed. Factories would be built in towns by the upper class businessRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Social And Economic Change1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a time of social and economic change which emphasized the power of humanity over nature. It was also an era of change which consisted of inventions that were mass produced to make life easier between 1750 and 1914. Although the Industrial Revolution led to efficient transportation and made Great Britain the cent er of world commerce, only the upper class got to truly enjoy that. The Industrial Revolution had spread to all around the world so the impact was more brutalRead MorePrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution1740 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living of working class people is, and has been frequently debated. There is a mass of primary and secondary sources of evidence from the time of the Industrial Revolution available to support differing views of the debate, and there are also many novels available that were written at the time which criticise industrial society, but the difficulty of Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Radical Process Of Social And Economic Change1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a radical process of social and economic change. Energy was a major incentive to the agricultural society to the industrial. Until James Watt created the steam engine, which deployed rapidly starting in the 1780s, animal and human power were the primary sources of energy (Clare). During the last three decades of the century, electricity and gasoline-fuels engines further expanded productivity (Clare). A factory system with machine manufacturing and divisions of laborRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Significant Social And Political Change Essay2146 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period of significant social and political change, constituted through the rise of science, increasing democracy, urbanisation, the growth of the state global isation. This period of time changed the way people worked and went about their everyday lives. The shift from agrarian societies to a system where people were paid for their labour, resulted in urbanisation. This was also aided by the mass production of goods being manufactured in factories in order to makeRead Moreâ€Å"Social Classes Role in Bringing About Change During the Industrial Revolution1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed. The Industrial Revolution brought about the birth of two classes: The middle class and the working class. In the article â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† (1848) by Karl Marx, it states that â€Å"Marx saw the oppression of the worker by those who owned means of production.†(1) Did the Industrial Revolution benefit both, or yet cause grievance in one and be beneficialRead MoreIndustrial, French, and American Re volutions: Common Social Revolutions?764 Words   |  4 Pageshistory there have been many important revolutions that have help to shape society as it is today. There are different causes, from political to religious, economic to social. Any revolution affects those in society, and creates changes for the people in the society. There are three important revolutions that took place in the late 18th century that changed the world for the better. The French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all took place in the late 1700s. AlthoughRead MoreImportant Factors Leading to Industrial Revolution1606 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, it is almost taken for granted that the industrial revolutions are the result of changing technology and the proper application of that in the industrial production. However, from my point of view, these two factors did play a vital role in stimulating industrial revolutions, but they were not the only catalyzer propelling monumental development in industry. Influentially, the improvements in organizations of politics, social patterns, commerce, finance, and transportation alsoRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is considered

Recombinant Dna Techniques Essay - 1871 Words

In this experiment, individuals were able to use recombinant DNA techniques such as cloning to alter the DNA of a certain strain of yeast called Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. By the use of cloning, scientists are able to analyze and compare the genetic material of a specific organism to another. In this lab, the recombinant DNA techniques are used to transform AmpS E. Coli to AmpR E. Coli. This was done by using an insert, a vector, and a host. The insert was S. Cerevisiae genomic DNA, E. Coli plasmid was the vector, and E. Coli was the host. The technique of gel electrophoresis was also used to determine whether the DNA was cut or not with restriction enzymes. Uncut sequences of the DNA were sent to an outside laboratory for sequencing. Then when the sequencing was complete, computer programs, such as BLAST, were used to determine whether or not the genomic insert originates from a gene and if the yeast codes for a protein that could be found within the human genome. Introduction- Sacc haromyces Cerevisiae, more commonly known as baker’s yeast or brewer’s yeast, is very favorable to use in biotechnology because of the wide range of environmental conditions it could live in. S. Cerevisiae is capable to live from freezing temperatures to about 55ââ€" ¦C, proliferate from 12ââ€" ¦C to 40ââ€" ¦C, grow within the pH range of 2.8-8.0, could be dried almost completely and still â€Å"come back alive† with the addition of water, grow and ferment at sugar concentrations of 3M, and can tolerate up to aShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the process of altering the ends of the strand so that they could be attachedRead MoreDna Lab Report1345 Words   |  6 Pages The genomic DNA sample concentration of 28.5 ng/ÃŽ ¼L and its A260/A280 ratio of 1.85 indicates that the DNA was relatively pure since a 260/280 ratio of ~1.8 is generally accepted as pure for DNA (Cox, Doudna O’Donnell, 2015). The ratio of white colonies to blue colonies observed on the blue-white screen plate was 31:37, which shows that there was a greater number of E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± that did not contain the plasmid with the foreign gene insert. Therefore, out of all of the E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± cells thatRead MoreThe Potential Of Manipulating Genetic Engineering1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe last decades of scientific innovation centered around one technique: genetic engineering. The process of splicing a donor gene into a separate organism; as a result, it will create a transgenic organism which performs various actions. The potential of manipulating genetic information in an organism is interminable. From cloning animals to minuscule bacteria, the scientific world is accelerat ing their advancements in this relatively new concept. However, with the success, speculation and controversyRead MoreThe Human Of Recombinant Bacteria1649 Words   |  7 PagesRecombinant bacteria is a bacterium cell that has had its genome changed, by the alteration, or edition of a gene. Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially prepared by cutting DNA into smaller fragments and joining fragments together, that would not normally be found together naturally- even fragments taken from different organisms.( Principles of Gene Manipulation sixth edition, S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W. Old ) DNA can be cut using the enzyme Restriction endonuclease, which recognisesRead MoreThe Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesusually associated with recombinant DNA technology. The idea of recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban but the founding principles were published in 1973 by Stanly Cohen and Hebert Boyer. â€Å"Recombin ant DNA technology allows DNA to be produced via artificial means. This technology works by taking DNA from two different sources and combining it into a single molecule.† The ideas promoted by Karl Ereky illustrate a direct connection between biotechnology and recombinant DNA. A widely debatedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms: Good or Bad?632 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMO) are organisms whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory using various genetic manipulating techniques. These procedures specifically modify the genome of the organism at a molecular level usually by the insertion of genes from different species of organisms that code for traits that are not possible to obtain through customary process like selective breeding. Genetically modified organisms have been a great controversy as they have resolved many difficultiesRead MoreGene Therapy Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe second technique used in gene therapy is ligation, which is used to ‘glue’ the removed functioning ADA gene into the viral DNA so that recombinant circular DNA (cDNA) can be created. Viral DNA is obtained from a virus, such as an adenovirus (often used for gene therapy treatments) which has been ‘purified’ so that it does not cause harm (infect host with the virus) to the human body when introduced. The ADA gene is then spliced into the open vector (viral cDNA), using the enzyme ligase whichRead MoreThe Use Of Recombinant Dna For Science And Medicine909 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of recombinant DNA technology has been a huge advancement to science. In the early 1970s the first recombinant DNA was produced (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). Researchers Stanley Cohen and Hebert Boyer used restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then fused them back together to form their recombinant vector (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). Through transformation the vector is then inserted into a host cell to amplify their hybrid DNA, also known as recombinant DNA (â€Å"1972Read MorePollution And Its Effects On The Environment1731 Words   |  7 Pagesusing those contaminants as a source of food or energy. Genetics has opened the door to a wide range of possibili ties through better understanding the structure of DNA, and the processes of transcription and translation. This has allowed scientists to use that knowledge to genetically modify bacteria, fungi, and plants using recombinant DNA technology to allow them to better utilize the resources provided by the contaminants. In our history industrial booms using heavy metals, evolving transportationRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material by direct intervention in the genetic processes with the purpose of producing new substances or improving functions

dfssd Essay Example For Students

dfssd Essay MS-DOS Device DriversApril 1998(c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998This document provides complementary or late-breaking information to supplement the Microsoft Windows 98 documentation. How to Use This DocumentTo view Msdosdrv.txt on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Msdosdrv.txt, open it in Notepad or another word processor, and then on the File menu, click Print. In syntax lines, except where noted, lowercase text signifies replaceable parameters and uppercase text signifies text that must be typed as it appears. NOTE: The Config.txt file contains more Help for MS-DOS commands. In addition, you can type the name of the command at the command prompt, followed by a slash and question mark (/?). For example: CHKDSK /?If you have the Windows 98 CD, you can get additional help on MS-DOS commands, including syntax and examples. You can load the MS-DOS 6.0 help file by browsing the oolsoldmsdos folder, and then clicking Help. CONTENTSANSI.SYSDBLBUFF.SYS DOUBLE BUFFERINGDISPLAY.SYSDRVSPACE.SYS, DBLSPACE.SYSEMM386.EXEHIMEM.SYSRAMDRIVE.SYSSETVER.EXEANSI.SYS=========NOTE: In this section, uppercase letters in syntax and ANSI escape sequences indicate text you must type exactly as it appears. ANSI.SYS defines functions that change display graphics, controls cursor movement, and reassigns keys. The ANSI.SYS device driver supports ANSI terminal emulation of escape sequences to control your systems screen and keyboard. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file. Syntax DEVICE=drive:pathANSI.SYS /X /K /RParameterdrive:path Specifies the location of the ANSI.SYS file. Switches/X Remaps extended keys independently on 101-key keyboards. /K Causes ANSI.SYS to treat a 101-key keyboard like an 84-key keyboard. It is equivalent to the command SWITCHES=/K. If you usually use the SWITCHES=/K command, you will need to use the /K switch with ANSI.SYS. /RAdjusts line scrolling to improve readability when ANSI.SYS is used with screen-reading programs (which make computers more accessible to people with disabilities). Parameters used in ANSI escape sequences:Pn Numeric parameter. Specifies a decimal number. Ps Selective parameter. Specifies a decimal number that you use to select a function. You can specify more than one function by separating the parameters with semicolons (;). PL Line parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the lines on your screen or on another device. Pc Column parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the columns on your screen or on another device. ANSI escape sequences for cursor movement, graphics, and keyboard settings:In the following list of ANSI escape sequences, the abbreviation ESC represents the ASCII escape character 27 (1Bh), which appears at the beginning of each escape sequence. ESCPL;PcH Cursor Position: Moves the cursor to the specified position (coordinates). If you do not specify a position, the cursor moves to the home positionthe upper-left corner of the screen (line 0, column 0). This escape sequence works the same way as the following Cursor Position escape sequence. ESCPL;Pcf Cursor Position: Works the same way as the preceding Cursor Position escape sequence. ESCPnA Cursor Up: Moves the cursor up by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the top line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnB Cursor Down: Moves the cursor down by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the bottom line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnC Cursor Forward: Moves the cursor forward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far right column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnD Cursor Backward: Moves the cursor backward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far left column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .postImageUrl , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:visited , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:active { border:0!important; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:active , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exemplification: Why The World Is Doomed EssayESCs Save Cursor Position: Saves the current cursor position. You can move the cursor to the saved cursor position by using the Restore Cursor Position sequence. ESCu Restore Cursor Position: Returns the cursor to the position stored by the Save Cursor Position sequence. ESC2J Erase Display: Clears the screen and moves the cursor to the home position (line 0, column 0). ESCK Erase Line: Clears all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line (including the character located at the cursor position). ESCPs;;Psm Set Graphics Mode: Calls the graphics functions specified by the following values. These specified functions remain active until the next occurrence of this escape sequence. Graphics mode changes the colors and attributes of text (such as bold and underline) displayed on the screen. Text attributesValueFunction 0All attributes off1Bold on4Underscore (on monochrome display adapter only)5Blink on7Reverse video on8Concealed on Foreground colorsValueFunction 30Black31Red32Green33Yellow34Blue35Magenta36Cyan37White

Nursing Care of Crrt Hyovolemia free essay sample

This care study aims to outline the care provided to a patient during one 12hour shift. It will present the patients cause and course of ICU admission, identify problems both potential and actual, focussing particularly and two main problems. The nursing interventions preformed will be critically analysed and supported with research. Finally the care will be critically evaluated areas of possible improvement will be outlined. Patient chosen is a 36yr old male pseudonym ‘Frank’ chosen for the purpose of confidentiality. Frank was day one post re- do orthotic liver transplantation (OLT) with roux -en-y anastomosis. He had his initial OLT for Primary sclerosing cholangitis secondary to auto-immune hepatitis preformed 5 days previously and required and urgent re-do transplant due to Hepatic vein thrombosis not responsive to conservative treatment. Prior to his re-do transplant he had required CRRT due to acute kidney injury(AKI) related to large blood loss of 2. 5litre due to coagulopathy related to liver failure. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care of Crrt Hyovolemia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was currently receiving CRRT. Frank has a past medical history of auto immune hepatitis, Ulcerative colitis (total colectomy with ileostomy formation in 08 with recurrent adhesions, stomal varices, osteoporosis, Left bundle branch block (Asymptomatic). He is a single man with both his elderly parents NOK. He was unable to work due to long term illness and lives with his parents 10miles away from the hospital. Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic hepatitis characterised by auto immune features, generally including the presence of circulating autoantibodies and a high serum globulin concentration (Krawitt 2006). This results in the body initialling in error an immune response to the liver cells and causing inflammation damage and death of the liver cells. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is the inflammation, scarring and death of the bile ducts. Ulcerative colitis is one of the risk factors Hepatic artery thrombosis occurs in estimated 2. 5% of liver transplants with aprox 50% requiring retransplantation(Stange et al 2003). It was in franks case diagnosed following routine ultrasound of liver ducts and Doppler to assess blood flow from the hepatic arteries. ARF in liver disease is common and can occur due to renal hypo perfusion or increased renal vascular resistance. (Betrosian et al 2007) and occurs in aproximatley 23% of chronic liver failure patients (Agarwal et al 2009) ASSESMENT Frank has a GCS of 9/15. He had previously been on sedation and analgesia. But was currently having a sedation vacation as recommended by kress et al (2000). He was eye opening to pain and obeying commands. Richmond agitation score(RASS) was -2 light sedation. On respiratory assessment Frank was intubated and ventilated on Pressure support ventilation (PSV)requiring minimal support of PS 8 PEEP 5 fio2 . 24. ABG supported adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Respiratory rate 16 regularly work of breathing was normal and relaxed. Lung fields clear on auscultation. Productive cough on suctioning aseptically using size 12 (Pederson et al) Cuff inflated at 30cmh2 (Stewart et al) with Achieving adequate tidal volumes of 6mls per Kg as recommended by ARDs net 2000. . Frank was maintaining a mean arterial pressure of 68mmg on 28 mc/hr. f Noradrenaline which was administered through a dedicate lumen of a central line and labelled accordingly. The MAP of 65mgh was identified patient parameter as recommended by le Doux as cited in Delinger et al 2009 to ensure adequate perfusion of the vital organs including renal perfusion. Alarms were set within patients parameters. Pulmonary artery flotation catheter was in situ with systolic 21mmgh, diastolic 9mmgh MAP 13 svo2 76% and estimated cardiac output 8. 8 wedge pressure of 6 mmgh as performed by intensives. Central venous pressure of 3mmgh. Lines were transduced a phlebosatic axis, pressure 300mmgh. PAFC secured at pillow sutures secure syringe deflated and locked measured as 60cm as checked with previous shift. Large bore rapid infuser remained in situ since surgey. On examination Frank had widespread peripheral oedema upper and lower extremities. Hypothermic. Left bundle branch block on ECG. HB 8. 0 pale peripherally to feet pulses present on Doppler related to alpha effect of Noradrenaline. Terlipressin QDS, 2. 5 litres renal no urine output post op had been on CRRT since the intra operative period. Exchange 30mls/kg/hr. heparin due to thrombosis Frank had a wide bore NGT on free drainage. He was not receiving enteral feeding as post biliary reconstruction and roux loop anastomosis of the biliary tree , Enteral feeding is not recommended in the first 48hrs post operatively to reduce the risk of biliary leakage at the anastomosis. (Welsh et al 2004) Stoma at ileostomy site was pink , protruding and functioning small amount of fluid. Abdomen was slightly distended firm to touch with transplant surgery site dressing dry and intact. On examination he had widespread peripheral oedema indicating third spacing. Periperal odema was asseseds by pushinf on bony prominence for 5 seconds . Odema is classified as mild-severe or +1-=4 (Kirton 1996)14 His oral mucosa was dry. His lactate was raised at 3 indicating lactic acidosis. Treatment of the problem was multifactorial and involves continuous communication with the multi-disciplinary team, Monitoring patient for response to treatment, and observing and treating side effects of condition and treatments. The use of CVP as an indicator of fluid status is debated. CVP is dependent on venous return to the heart, right ventricular compliance, peripheral venous tone and posture (Al Khalil and Webb 2004) some or all of these may be present in the vulnerable ICU population and as a result leave space for unreliability. There is little concrete evidence to support the use of CVP monitoring (Ahrens 2010) and current developments such as technologies to accurately measure stoke volume may be future everyday practice Franks jugular venous pressure was measured to estimate intravascular fluid volume. Not present. Moist mucous membranes, good skin turgor, and prompt capillary refill. Considering frank had received four units of RCC intra operatively and his haemoglobin was 8 as recommended by Hebert et al 1999) fluids were prescribed by the physician. 500mls of colloid fluid was prescribed. A continuous debate between the choices of fluid for fluid resuscitation exists . Colloid fluids contain large molecules than crystalloids and are argued that these large molecules poorly diffuse outside the vascular space thereby reducing the leakage of fluid to the extra vascular space and maintaining cardiac output for longer thereby reducing volume required for favourable result. Moranville et al 2010) However in a Meta-analysis of research of evidence of effect of crystalloid versus colloid fluids, there was no clear benefit of either on mortality (Alderson et al 2001). A safe study carried out in 2004 was a RCT of 6997 patient receiving either saline ( Crystalloid) or Albumin (Colloid)showed no difference in 28 day mortality in either group( Fifner et al 4004 ) . The fluid was administered to frank via central line using alcohol swabs to clean port when accessing lumens to reduce risk of line contamination. CDC guidelines 2009).

Diabetes Mellentus Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System, Medicine

Diabetes Mellentus Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System, Medicine Diabetes Mellentus Project Proposal My Independent Project is on Diabetes Mellitus, type1 Diabetes, or juvenile-onset diabetes. No matter what you call it, its all the same. Your pancreas has died and you have no other way to survive other than to inject insulin multiple times a day. I chose this project because I always enjoy learning more about the disease I got less than two years ago. Every year the teams of scientists from the Joslin clinic develop new ways to live with Diabetes. So far no one has invented a cure, but they are getting closer to finding it every year. People with Type I diabetes don't produce insulin and need regular shots of it to keep their blood glucose levels normal. Almost half the people with this type of diabetes are age 20 and younger. That's why Type I diabetes was once called juvenile-onset diabetes. But that name has been dropped because Type I diabetes also strikes young adults. People with diabetes have to give themselves shots multiple times throughout the day so they can monitor their blood sugar levels because their bodies cant do it on their own. Type1 diabetes can cause different problems if it is not properly taken care of. Hypoglycemia or low blood sugar; sometimes called an insulin reaction, occurs when blood sugar drops too low. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, occurs when blood sugar is too high, and can be a sign that diabetes is not well controlled. Ketoacidosis, or diabetic coma, is a very serious condition. This means there is too much sugar in the urinary tract. It occurs if your blood sugars are very high for a long period of time. This is fatal and can lead to future complications. Bibliography 1. jdfcure.com/NHAnnouncements5.htm Joslin Diabetes Foundation web page 2. renkausa.com/type1.htm Renka/ diabetes Home Page 3. medical-library.org./ Medical Library Online Textbook 4. Dr. Elizabeth Wallach, Joslin Clinic for Diabetes 5. Sondra Pozan

Internet E-mail essays

Internet E-mail essays THE ADOPTION AND USE OF E-MAIL THROUGH For many companies, the use of management information systems, in the form of the Internet, is a time of experimentation and exploration. In June 1991, the Internet jumped from 2,982 interconnected networks that supported 130,000 computers to more than 10,500 networks with more than eight million users. By 1998, the total number of users is expected to top more than 100 million. By far, the largest use of the Internet is electronic mail ("e-mail"). Included among the users are law firms, a profession that relies heavily on information and the availability of that information. Law firms, who are rarely consumers of new technologies and have traditionally been slow to grasp new technological innovations, have actually taken to the use of the Internet. The legal profession has specifically adopted the function of external e-mail. Although the legal field is an information-based enterprise, it has also remained a tradition bound profession where fewer than forty percent (40%) of lawyers have computers on their desks. It is a field that has always been slow to change its ways and take advantage of information technology. Attorneys are learning the potential uses of information technology to produce better, more accurate work and have realized that the failure to adopt this new technology can drive up expenses and drive away clients. In the 1990's, law firms began to use information technology to improve their efficiency and to increase their customer satisfaction and loyalty. In this age of instant communication, the legal field has been slow to respond and has often been out of touch with the needs of its many clients. Information technology will challenge what lawyers do with the information they possess and how to communicate this information to clients. Attorneys have always known that the art of communication, especially with their clients, has been the most vital aspect of...

4 Questions about autobiography, biography, diary and letter writing Essay

4 Questions about autobiography, biography, diary and letter writing - Essay Example This biography clearly brings out the man and his impact in the world, especially in terms of musical transformation (Guralnick, 2012). Autobiographies, on the other hand involve stories compiled about an individual’s life but written by those particular people (Jolly, 2013). These individuals narrate their life and times. The Autobiography of Malcolm  X  is a good example. This autography was first written in 1965 by Malcolm explaining his life since childhood, the death of his father to his life as a human rights activist (Malcolm, 2001). Delafield (2009) says that a diary is a record of events in someone’s’ life compiled in one document. Diaries may be compiled over a limited time period such as a year, week or even month. The author also notes that diaries are narrated by the specific subjects and are usually for those persons specifically as opposed to biographies, autobiographies or even letters (Delafield, 2009). Simply, diaries are daily journal of daily events, such as one’s thoughts, actions, moods or actions. Pepys’ diary is a valid example. This diary was kept from January 1660 and records his daily life for about ten years, his women, friends, and businesses. He also explains his insecurities, worries, and irritable relationship with his spouse (Pepys, 2010). Lastly, Delafield (2009) explains that letters are a form of communication that confidential, personal or private in nature. Letters are also defined as notes that are written to friends or families. Letters, as Delafield (2009) says must have a recipient. An emphasis on the Paston Letters would explain this. These letters entail a collection of notes that consist of the messages from the members of the Paston family. From the letters, one could easily trace the state papers and other vital documents that were compiled by that particular family (Gairdner, 2008). These letters were sent to various recipients who had an interest with the family. As seen in the

Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Papers - Essay Example The payment gateway used at the time of completion of an online transaction normally involves World Wide Web and some times even wider range of technologies. There are a few transactions for which there is no need of any physical labor like access to premium contents on a web site, being a paid member of some of the web group or library, transferring money from one bank account to another but most of the other transactions include transportation of goods in at least some way. Interesting terms like e-tail or e-tailer are used to define online retailers these days. Almost every bid retailer has a presence on the internet and even the websites comparing prices of same product that available online from different vendors are present for the ease and comfort of the consumer. Referred to as business-to-business or B2B and the other that is conducted between business and a consumer also called Business-to-consumer or B2C. In a B2B, there can be predefined business parties or arbitrary parties involved over the internet whereas B2C is primarily practiced The National Privacy Policy for Australia says that any organization must not collect data until and unless it is important for the smooth functioning of the organization. Ebay appears to be following most of the underlying principles of national privacy policy for the country including Use and Disclosure, Data Quality, Data Security, Access and Correction etc. but I felt that there are a few fields which may not be essential for the smooth functioning of the organization and thus therefore not in accordance with the privacy policy. For example a phone number is one such field that you need to enter while creation of the account on eBay and that you need to verify. If a person chooses not to verify his phone number then he is required to verify his credit card which is even more sensitive

Strategic Plan Initiative Essay Example for Free

Strategic Plan Initiative Essay Starbucks is a fast growing coffee distributor around the globe. Starbucks is challenged to manage its business with strategic initiatives. This paper will discuss the relationship between strategic and financial planning efforts of the Seattle-based barista and initiatives outlined in the latest annual report. Also, how these initiatives affect the organization’s financial planning and what risks are associated with the initiatives will be reviewed. Understandably, in the highly competitive market of supplying customers with the best coffee products calls for calculated strategic and financial planning. Strategic Vs. Financial Planning Starbucks began as a lone coffee shop in Seattle, Washington; just 40 years later, Starbucks is now a leading competitor of coffee confections around the world (Starbucks, 2012). Because the ultimate goal is to be the best supplier of good coffee to coffee enthusiasts, having strategic and financial plans in place is crucial, since one is the basis for the other. Strategic planning is the guide for which all financial planning will follow suit. A â€Å"strategic plan defines, in very general terms, how the firm plans to make money in the future† (Titman, Keown, Marin, 2011, p. 564). The strategic plan is the backdrop that drives and guides financial planning. â€Å"Financial planning is all about allocating finite resources such as money, employees and equipment over time, to reach the broad goals set out in strategic planning. To do so involves measuring current performance against past data and trends for the future† (Boone, 2013, para. 3). There are four key compo nents to developing a financial plan which engages many different players. The four steps are: collect historical financial data, identify trends, adjust projections, and revise estimates (Titman, Keown, Marin, p. 564, 2011). But strategists cannot forget that financial planning can be divided into two components, short and long term planning. Long term planning is typically three to five years, whereas short term looks only one year ahead. Starbucks outlines both short and long strategic planning initiatives each year in annual reports and in turn gives the public and stakeholders the short and long term company initiatives. Starbucks Strategic Planning Initiatives and Financial Effects Starbucks has a number of creditors, investors, shareholders, and all around stakeholders that have a vested interest in viewing the success and vision of the company regularly. The latest annual report, 2011, speaks to these initiatives in great detail, outlining the successes and risks of chosen strategic path. According to the Starbucks Annual Report 2011, (2011), the c ompany â€Å"reported the highest annual revenue ever: $11.7 billion† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 1). Clearly, the Starbucks leaders and family are doing something right, and most assuredly, the strategic initiatives are working. One key initiative was to increase earnings per share and return millions to shareholders; not an easy task given the troubled economy in the United States. Starbucks â€Å"ended fiscal 2011 with record earnings per share of $1.62, up 31 percent from last year’s $1.24 per share. Through share repurchases and dividends, we returned approximately $945 million to shareholders, more than doubling the amount returned in fiscal 2010† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 3). According to Titman, Keown, Marin (2011), one key principal of the valuation of investment opportunities is made available through cash flows (p. 333). Looking at the cash flows data from 2010 to 2011, Starbucks decreased approximately $.1 billion cash flows from operations and increased capital expenditures by approximately $92 million (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, p. 21, 2012). Starbucks actively manages these as short-term investments. Another feather in the Starbucks cap is payment of cash dividends to shareholders. In 2011, $.13 per share totaling $390 million was paid (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, p. 21, 2012). Studies have shown that use of cash in this manner, paying cash dividends and share repurchases, has grown significantly from stating that â€Å"the proportion of firm earnings distributed through both approaches has grown from about 40% in the 1970s to near 80% by 2000† (Titman, Keown, Marin, 2011, p. 537). These Initiatives of this nature can affect the organization’s financial planning lending better cash revenues and fiscal statistics. More specifically, reducing the number of stocks increases the earnings per share. This was evident with the price per share increase of $.38 per share from 2010 to 2011, as noted above. However, companies cannot operate without caution; risks are associated with every financial planning endeavor and the initiative to pay out millions to shareholders is not without exception. Risks associated with the initiative. When conducting financial risk management, leadership and financial planners cognizant of market risks associated with the financial planning efforts and the long term effects of these short term goals. â€Å"Market risk is defined as the risk of losses due to changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, equity security prices, and interest rates† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 37 ). Companies today must closely monitor market trends and risks alike. Starbucks is no exception, and significantly due to its dealings overseas and across varied currency rates and cultures. Although, market risks are not key player when discussing cash dividends and share repurchases. The main risk here is the long term impact of the payout strategy. It is commonly believed that just increasing earnings per share does not necessarily mean company success. â€Å"Companies shouldnt confuse the value created by returning cash to shareholders with the value created by actual operational improvements; moreover, a companys fixation on buybacks might come at the cost of investments in its long-term health† (Dobbs Rehm, 2005, para. 1, 3). Management must understand the pitfalls of creative financing and keep the benefits to shareholders as a key focus and paramount for longevity. Conclusion The Starbucks Corporation is committed to profiteering with short term investments and long term focus to remain competitive. Starbucks understands the relationship between strategic and financial planning and many initiatives are outlined in every annual report. In particular, the financial planning was clearly defined by a number of incentives, and the incentive to utilize cash flows to return a substantial allocation to shareholders and reduce shares through share buybacks created success story for the company. The coffee market is not without major competitors, however, the strategic vision, financial planning, and monitoring of financial risks allows Starbucks to not only stay afloat, but lead the coffee frontier. References Boone, B. (2013). What’s the difference between strategic and financial planning? Retrieved from http://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/financial-planning/strategic-and-financial-planning.htm Dobbs, R. Rehm, W. (2005, August). The value of share buybacks. McKinsey Quarterly. Retrieved from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_value_of_share_buybacks_1630 Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report. (2012). Retrieved from http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518p=irol-irhome Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Marin, J.D. (2011). Financial management: Principles and applications (11th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Political Allegory In The Book Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Political Allegory In The Book Animal Farm "Ideas play a part in any revolution, conflicting ideas is main reason why Revolutions happens. " This is the platform that George Orwell used in his book " Animal Farm". The political allegory in the story is mocking the Revolution that changed "Russia" into the "USSR". This was the workings of Karl Marx. Marx was known for being politically inspired by one idea. Marx wanted it to be that one class, the working class, and against another class, the rich or higher class. The Revolution was started by men who believed with Karl Marx's theory that the history of the world was the history of a struggle between classes between oppressors and oppressed. This happened in the book "Animal Farm by George Orwell" Orwell uses this example to base his book on. He makes the characters personify the major players in the Russian Revolution. Orwell uses this to form a well written piece of literature. In "Animal Farm" The Democratic society led by Mr. Jones the original leader of Manor Farm was overthrown by a policy called Animalism. Animalism was a theory concocted by the Old Major a Pig. In "Animal Farm" the pigs were personified as the smartest and the best among animals. The Pigs take control of the farm. The two major idealists Snowball and Napoleon have conflicting ideas. These ideas break snowball away from the rest of the group and make him leave Animal Farm. This lets Napoleon have total control. They set up a set of rules called the seven commandments. In the beginning everyone followed these rules such as no animal may kill another animal, no animal is better than another animal. This makes the leader Napoleon want to break the rules so he makes him and his fellow pigs more special, eating all the good food, wearing clothes, living in the farmhouse, and not working. As for the other animals big or small get the same rations of food, are not allowed to wear clothes, had to live in the barn, and were overworked. Marx, like other socialist thinkers of the 19th century, denounced the cruel injustices of industrial capitalist society as he saw it. He had a vision of ending "the exploitation of man by man" and establishing a classless society, in which all people would be equal. The only means to this end, he thought, was a revolution of the exploited (the proletariat) against the exploiters (the bourgeoisie), so that workers would own the means of production, such as the factories and machinery. This revolution would set up a

Questions for Exam 3

1) social control theory is traced to the 18 th century work of which theorist? 2)social control theorist ask which theoretical question? 3) beccaria's social control theory argues individuals are? 4) Ivan Nye introduced which ideal to social control theories? 5) according to Nye ___refers to rules and Norms that are instilled in conscience as children 6) social control theories argue deviance is a caused by? ) things to keep students busy after school exhibit which of the four components to Hirschi's social bond theory 8)Hirschi's argument that juveniles who enter adulthood too soon, are more likely to become deviant which form of social bond does this support? 9) when deviance is perceived to not cause injury or harm to anyone it is which technique of neutralization? 10) which theorist introduced techniques of neutralization to social control theories? 11)techniques if neutralization are used in order to? 2)according to Sykes techniques if neutralization Robin Hoods behavior of ste aling from the rich to give to the poor is justified and neutralized through which technique? 13) which if the following are not examples of victimless deviance include? 14) which additions to social control theories would examine the different levels of control placed on boys and girls in particular households as affecting deviance? 15) according to the power control theory ___ constitutes the primary agents of socialization in the family 16) which theory is designed to predict all behaviors beyond criminal and or delinquent? 7)the general theory of crime argues what about self control and stability? 18) which theorist explains the stages and trajectories of deviance of life course theories 19) which of the following is not a component of life course theory in theorizing a lesser likely hood of deviance? 20) life course theories examine and primarily focus on the social bonds between? 21) which of the following are labels found in high schools 22) which theoretical orientation exam ines the social meaning of deviance through labels and how people are understood and defined through such stereotypes 23) symbolic interactionism is a ___level perspective 4) what is key in defining deviance? 25) according to labeling theorists which of the following statements are true? 26) _____is a status imposed on an individual or a group which may or may not be related to actual rule breaking 27) labeling theorists ask which of the following questions 28) which labeling theorist examined police contact and juvenile delinquency, in which he argued the contact may over dramatize relatively common acts of deviance? 9) _____ deviance is when common violations of the norms occur and the identity of a deviant is not developed 30) ____ deviance is when deviant behavior occurs as a means of defense, attack or adjustment by a label and reactions to labels already developed 31) which labeling theorist introduced primary and secondary deviance to this orientation 32) a ____ status refers to the status that shapes perception and behavior of those around you and is considered the most important status 33) which of the following ways does labeling lead to secondary deviance? 4) which type of deviant act is considered residual rule breaking? 35) residual rule breaking is a form of what type of deviance? 36) which of the following are major findings in the roughnecks and saints study? 37) which of the following theorists introduced the ideas of intergravity shame and stigmatization effects of labeling in his piece crime, shame and reintegration? 38) ___ is when an individual is viewed as a good person but they have just committed a bad deed. 9)which theorist found mental illness stigmas or consequential and negatively affect those with a mental illness life 40) labeling theorists would argue that which of the following policy implications 41) ____ theories would study cooperation's and the human suffering corporate action and power struggle cause to society 42) which th eoretical orientation examines the social construction of deviance by deconstructing conflicting groups and discourse of attitudes, legal rights, implications of change etc.? 43) conflict and Marxist theories are _____ perspectives 4) what type of economic system are Marxist and conflict theorist critical of 45) according to conflict theorists which of the following statements is true? 46) ____ theorists argue revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system 47) _____ theorists argue reform rather than revolutionary overthrow 48) which Marxist theorist wrote communist manifesto? 49) __ and ___ theories recognize conflicts exist especially in capitalist societies and it arises from power 50) which Marxist theory argued capitalist conflict is divisonary meaning it is designed to keep workers focused on issues promoting division competition and is vs. them mentalies

Effect of Text Messaging on Teen Age Students

SINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT A Study on impact of text messaging on teen age students Prepared by Rambhu kumar(11) Komal jaiswal(15) Pankaj kakani(17) Sukirti keswani(18) Nitin maske(19) Introduction 1 See it? Hear it? Take it! This is still the mantra of many schools across the country that succinctly summarizes the policy concerning cell phones in schools; in essence, they are banned. Yet, most teenagers are nearly inseparable from their cell phones, not because they are constantly talking, but because they are connecting with their friends through text messaging.As a phenomenon, this was originally unprecedented and unpredicted, especially because text messaging capabilities were designed strictly for mobile phone companies to communicate with their customers. Teenagers, digital natives born into a world rich in technology who take ubiquitous computing for granted, tend to lead the way with most technologies, and text messaging is no differen t. The popularity of text messaging has placed people in positive and negative situations. On the positive side, text messaging is utilized as a source of information and reminders.Even the parents get to learn about it from their kids’ . Whereas on the negative side, teenagers are easily distracted at school. Instead of paying attention in classes, students are texting away. I've seen this happen a lot in college. Especially in high schools, this leads to falling grades, and poor report cards. Some kids are up late messaging their friends, which experts believe could have a significant impact on sleep. What are some of the effects that texting is having on teen age students?That is the question that our group explores in this paper. We conduct surveys and take a look at scholarly and periodical articles, looking to find some of the effects that the modern day texting phenomenon is causing. We examine the impacts that texting is making on our language and writing skills, the impacts on teenagers and their social lives, and the dangers of texting and driving. Review of Literature2,3 Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines and both scholarly and popular media, we examine two questions: 1.How are teenagers using text messaging in their everyday lives? 2. How can text messaging be used in educational settings? Mode of Inquiry Modern cellular phones have countless applications that allow them to act not only as mobile phones but also as music, video, and game players, cameras, global positioning systems, and devices that provide access to the Internet and a host of applications. For this particular analysis, the focus is strictly on teenagers and young adults (ages 11- 21) using the short message service (SMS), or text messaging capabilities.It does not include the use of SMS to post to Facebook, Twitter, or other social networking sites, as that would require the receiver to have access to Internet to read such messages or post replies. Teen Use of Text Messaging Reasons for Use Teenagers have adopted text messaging as their primary form of text-based communication, preferring it even over e-mail (Lenhart, 2009); there are several reasons for the popularity of text messaging. First, it is quicker; adolescents have found that by texting, they can forego the normal chit-chat involved in phone conversations.One teen stated that even for a quick question, you’d have to go through the niceties of greetings and spend time talking about other things (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Text messaging is also cheaper, because messages are generally charged by the message, not the word count. In contrast, the cost of a phone conversation varies as it is charged by the minute. Also, the location of sender/receiver does not affect the charge. Many teenagers pay their own mobile phone bills, and pay-as-you-go plans allow them to budget more accurately (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Finally, many teens state that text messaging is more co nvenient.Phones can be switched to silent mode, so they do not disturb others, and allows texting to be done surreptitiously and away from parents or teachers (Grinter ; Eldrige, 2001). E-mail is the preferred mode of communication for school or work, but when teenagers want something that is fast, immediate, and can be done anywhere – texting is preferred (Lev-Ram, 2006). For teenagers, the cell phone is almost always with the person, so it is constantly accessible. Being small and silent, the cell phone is easily transported and used furtively under the supervision of authority, as compared to email, which requires a computer (Thurlow, 2003).Many teenagers have reported that they share a computer with family members or that it is in a common area of the home so instant messaging and email can be observed (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). In addition, because the phone displays both text and sender, the user can choose when and if to respond to a message and has time to compose an appropriate response. Girls, in particular, often invite others to help them compose their responses (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005).Reid and Reid (2004) have also theorized that another part of the attractiveness of texting is the visual anonymity it seems to afford, especially for socially anxious people, as the texter does not need to see/hear the recipient. In addition, it provides almost perpetual contact for those who are lonely. Lohnes Watulak (2010), drawing on the work of Thurlow (2003) and Clark (2005), sites the desire for constant contact as a significant reason for undergraduate students to text during class, even if they acknowledge that that texting is rude and the content is trivial. Need for studyWith general overview of today’s society, cell phones are becoming a modern day necessity among teenagers. The reason why they are in so much demand is because of text messaging which is the most popular mode of communication these days. The need to study this particular t opic is to find out the impact of this mode of communication on teenagers, both positive and negative. And also to see whether it is actually a necessity or just a trend which is followed because of its popularity. In this research we are also going analyse the future impacts of text messaging on teenagers.How mobile companies are using the increased use of text messaging to their advantage is also discussed in this research project. Statement of problem There have been many ill effects on education pattern of students, because of these text messaging phenomena. The institutions are finding it hard to cope with this habit of teenagers as it is leading to a lot of distraction and also parents are worried because of falling grades of their kids. The biggest issue of all is that student are not ready to detach themselves from their mobile phone.That’s why even if institutes and parents come up with a solution to the problem, it is next to impossible to implement it. Objectives 1 . To understand the habits of teenage students regarding text messaging. 2. The impact of text messaging on the text messaging on teenage students (positive and negative). 3. To understand and analyze the usage of mobile phones during class hours. 4. To understand the extent to mobile usage for communication among teen age students. 5. To understand whether prefer normal messaging or online messaging. Hypothesis . Teen age students knows about various applications used for messaging. 2. Text messaging has various effects on teen age groups. Research Design and Methodology4 Sampling Design Sampling is process of taking sample from large population. We have design questionnaire and on the basis of this questionnaire we have collected the data from school and colleges. Sources and Methods of Data collection We prepared a questionnaire containing total of 14 questions in definite order. The teenagers have to give answers of questions of questionnaire. 100 tudents from a Sinhgad Institut e were used as participants in this research. These participants were selected randomly. Methods of Analysis and Statistical Tools We have collected data from 100 samples and used chi-square method, SPSS software, excel. Facts and finings Q. 1) you communicate with your friends and known people by 1) Text messaging 2) Messaging through net 3) Messaging through landline 4) Call through mobile 1) 36% 2) 30% 3) 4% 4) 30% Q. 2) How frequently you communicate with mobile messaging? 1) Daily 2) Sometime 3) One’s in week 4) One’s in month 5) No ) 47% 2) 33% 3) 6% 4) 5% 6) 9% Q. 3) How often you recharge your message packs? 1) One’s in week 2) One’s in month 3) Twice in month 4 ) Others 5)No 1) 15% 2) 40% 3) 17% 4) 13% 5) 15% Q. 4) Are you satisfied with your mobile text messaging for effective communication with your friend circle? 1) Fully satisfied 2) Less satisfied 3) Moderate 4) No 1) 47% 2) 14% 3) 24% 4) 15% Q. 5) Do you enjoy text messaging communication t hrough mobile phone? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 6) Do you keep sending messaging even during class hours? ) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 4) Only in emergency 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 7) Do you think it is good to use mobile phone during class hours? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 8) Does your school allow use of mobile phones generally? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 43% 2) 9% 3) 48% Q. 9) According to you what are the advantages of text messaging? 1) Sharing information 2) Cheaper way of communication 3) Quick way of communication 4) No effect 1) 26% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 4% Q. 10) According to you what are the disadvantages of text messaging? )Spelling mistakes ; Grammatical mistake 2) Copying 3) Morphing 4) Wastage of time due to messaging 5) Sometime effect on IQ level 6) No effect 7) Others if any(Specify)- 1) 34% 2) 27% 3) 15% 4) 7% 5) 7% 6) 10 Q. 11) Does it disturb your concentration during classrooms? 1) Fully 2) Partly 3 ) Not at all 1) 14% 2) 40% 3) 46% Q. 12) Does it affect your study after school hours 1) Fully 2) Partly 3) Not at all 1) 23% 2) 19% 3) 58% Q. 13) According to you which mobile operator is popular? 1) Vodafone 2) Airtel 3) Idea 4) Others (Specify)- 1) 41% 2) 20% 3) 18% 4)21 Q. 4) during which time you prefer to text? 1) Some specific time 2) Spare time 3) before class hours 4) After class hours 5) every time 1) 35% 2) 22% 3) 4% 4)7% 5)32% Scope and Limitation of the study Significant research has been conducted on text messaging among teen age students of SIT and how their personal as well as school life is affected because of it. We also analysed negative effect on teenagers and to what extent it has done bad to students. Further we studied about some positive effects of texting and how it helped them knowledge sharing and cost savings. 1. What role does and should text messaging have in school? . What impact does long term use of texting have on youth literacies? 3. Can text messa ging increases student’s reading and writing abilities in ways not currently addressed through traditional means? 4. Can text messaging reminders increases student participation and achievement without aggravating the already prevalent digital device and teacher workloads? 5. If cell phones become an accepted educational tool like calculators, will the dire predictions of increased distraction and poor language use come true or will cell phones become as common-place as overhead projectors and what are the implications of this? ConclusionCell phones have become a modern day necessity, to the point that they are a must have for every teenager. Teenagers are getting increasingly attached to these devices, depending on them more and more for their communication with their friends or family. About 80% of teenager’s text on a daily basis. Many of the people I surveyed  received their first phone between the ages 11- 15. They also started texting as  young as 11 and as o ld as 17. Teens have created a whole new language through  texting which researchers refer to as short message service (SMS) language or  texts. Everyday  students are adding words to the language.Some of the SMS language some believe texting has a negative effect, positive effect, or does not have an effect at  all. Through our research we analysed that texting had some impact like students could share information and other important notices. Also it has proved to be a less expensive mode of communication and parents also got to learn from their kids. Whereas there are numerous negative effects like the grammar of the students is affected to a great extent. Also students have started using short forms for words to save space and time. Another big risk is Morphing and sending unwanted pictures of girls which leads to big scandals.It has even lead to bad psychological impact on students. Irrespective of above mentioned effects students find it very important these days to hav e a cell phone and to them it is more of a blessing then a curse. Bibliography 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teen_Age_Message 2. http://www. academia. edu/1156350/Text_Messaging_and_Teenagers_A_Review_of_the_Literature 3. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/literature-review-on-the-effect-of-text-messaging-on-literacy-skill-page1. html 4. C. R. Kothari Research methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd edition, New age international publishers.

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour The WritePass Journal

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour Introduction Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour IntroductionElements of marketingHow sales messages are presented through AdvertisementsBehavioral targeting and the psychology of marketingResearch on factors affecting Consumer BehaviorModels used for influencing Consumer BehaviorConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Advertising used properly is a major tool in the hands of marketing managers which helps enable them to sell products, services and ideas. The idea is to sell products to the consumers.   This has been proved by the fact that companies are investing a lot of time and resources into developing ad campaigns for their products Advertising has gone through many phases. The first era was production-oriented.   Here mass production was seen as a means to selling products by pumping in huge volumes into the market place. As a result demand exceeded supply; hence there was no need to advertise products (Holt, D,1983). They sold themselves. However with the passing of time and due to rising competition, surplus goods were available. As a result of this companies were required to sell their products using a sales oriented mechanism. This typically involved pitching in their products, highlighting their USP’s, so as to convince customers to buy their products rather than their competitors. As a result products became de linked to the volumes in which they were being produce (Belk, Russell.1974). To better approach the problem of selling companies tried many techniques. These techniques combined with the support activities of marketing can be called as advertising. Advertising has been considered important since the time when trade started, then was the time for advertising by mouth, now we have different media platforms for the same purpose. But still the traditional word of mouth holds the best appeal in respect to all advertising platforms. In its initial phases advertising was limited in both time and space. Broadcast commercials are generally 10 to 60 seconds in length. Print ads are generally no larger than two pages, and often much smaller. Advertising therefore needed to do its job in an effective manner. Its primary tasks were to capture the consumers attention, identify itself as being aimed at meeting the needs of that consumer, identifying the product, and delivering the selling message. Elements of marketing Marketing generally consist of advertisements to the target audience. This is in the form of: 1. Copy This consists of words, either spoken or printed that carry a message thereby helping the reader to form an opinion about the subject. 2.   Illustrations Copies can be augmented with the use of pictures, photographs or diagrams. The aim here is to convince the reader to buy the product. Most ads have a mixture of copy and illustration, in size and scope, depending upon how the advertiser wants to convey his sales message. It also depends upon the nature of advertising and the budget for advertising. How sales messages are presented through Advertisements There are two basic ways of presenting a sales message: intellectually and emotionally. An intellectual presentation depends on logical, rational argument so as to convince a consumer to buy the product or service. For example, for many television purchasers, buying doesnt depend on what the case looks like or what effect the machine might have on their social life. What theyre looking for is technical information, what is its resolution, whether it has HDMI, whether it supports USB functionality. The most important part is that of the sales message. This message must encapsulate all the benefits, features of the product and capture all the unique benefits that a consumer might have if he purchases this product vise vie the competitors product. The second basic way to present a sales message is emotionally. In an emotional presentation, here there is a concentration on other aspects of the consumers bundle of values: social, psychological, economic. Here they are clubbed together with core bundle of values. For example, the presentation shows how the product or service enhances the audiences social life by improving their snob value or self-esteem, or how it will increase their earning power. Behavioral targeting and the psychology of marketing Model for buying behavior: Sandhusen, Richard L.: Marketing (2000, S. 218) Decision making plays a huge role in the purchase behavior of consumers. Behavioral marketing can be used to target consumer segments based on the following parameters: 1. Individual factors These include intrinsic factors such as personality, lifestyle, age and income of the individual. 2. Group Influencers These include all those factors that inadvertently help an individual identify himself with a certain class or standing in the society. These could include peer groups, friends, family and culture. 3. Physical environment Factors such as geographical proximity, location climate etc, which vary from place to place. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how Consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives i.e. brands, products, and retailers. The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions. Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome. How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer? How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer? Research on factors affecting Consumer Behavior Based on P. Kotler’s framework for consumer buying process The advent of technology has helped us in mapping the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. These can be grouped as: What brand in a given product category was bought during the last, or a series of past, purchase occasions Whether, and if so, how many times a consumer has seen an ad for the brand in question Whether the target brand   is on sale during the store visit Whether any brand had preferential display space The impact of income and/or family size on purchase patterns Relationship marketing has come up in a big way in influencing consumer behavior. Relationship managers have come to symbolize the increasingly blurred line between marketing and selling by establishing a purchase-exchange process with a by providing a more holistic, personalized purchase, and uses the experience to create stronger ties (Young, Charles E,2002). Other major factor that contributes in consumer buying behavior is: Market segmentation A market segment is a sub-set of a market made up of people or organizations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar product and/or services based on qualities of those products such as price or function. A true market segment meets all of the following criteria: it is distinct from other segments (different segments have different needs) (P. Kotler, 2003), it is homogeneous within the segment (exhibits common needs); it responds similarly to a market stimulus, and it can be reached by a market intervention. Models used for influencing Consumer Behavior Advertising models used for co relating consumer buying behavior and advertising use the following variables as part of their studies. Depending on the type of model used, these variables are assigned different weight ages, which are ultimately used to compute the final result. Stage Dependent variable of interest Typical model used for research Need Arousal Purchase (category choice) Purchase   timingBinary choice models  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Awareness (aided/ unaided) Consideration revoked set Choice set Belief dynamicsIndividual awareness models Consideration models  Ã‚  Ã‚  EvaluationProduct perceptions Product preferencesPerceptual mapping/ multidimensional scaling model Attitude models: Compensatory Non-compensatoryPurchaseBrand choice Store choice Quantity choiceDiscrete choice models Hierarchical modelsPost PurchaseBrand satisfaction/satiation Word-of-mouthSatisfaction models Variety-seeking models Communications network From John H. Roberts and Gary L. Lilien: Explanatory and Predictive Models of Consumer Behavior The most common of the models listed above consist of the following: 1. Preference formulation basis Beliefs about products (perceptions) can be measured directly by asking consumers how much of a feature they perceive a certain product to contain, or they can be inferred, by asking consumers how similar certain products are and then inferring what discriminates between different products (Bass, Frank M, 1973). Here the strategy is to align the consumer preferences with that which is being offered by the company. 2. Compensatory/ Evaluation model In a compensatory model, the weakness of a brand or product on one dimension can be compensated for by strength on another, and those strengths or weaknesses are combined to determine an attitude toward the brand (Bhagat and Jagdish N. Sheth 1974). In non-compensatory models, usually only a small number of attributes (two or three. say) are wed to evaluate a brand, and shortcomings on one attribute cannot be overcome by favorable levels of another. Here products are complemented against one another so as to augments each other’s strengths and cancel out their weaknesses. 3. Model of awareness Once a consumer recognizes a need, he enters a state of heightened awareness in which he seeks more information about brands or products that could satisfy that need. Evaluation and brand choice take place based on the information resulting from this search. Here the main goal is to make the maximum number of target audience aware about the product and its offerings. 4. Satisfaction models The modeling of consumer satisfaction is based on the confirmation / disconfirmation paradigm. Confirmation occurs when the consumers perception of how the product performs after purchase matches the expectation the consumer had prior to purchase. Positive disconfirmation occurs when product performance exceeds expectations; negative expectations occur when the product falls below expectations (Stuart, Ewen, 2005). Here we try to find out if the product is fulfilling the need gap perceived by the customer and what is offered by the company in the form of its product offering. 5. Brand Attitudinal model The model proposed attempts to predict behavioral intention toward a particular brand within a product class across situations. The situational variables included consider the conditions necessary for a particular situation to affect the choice of a particular brand. The individual must first encounter the situation and then the product must be suitable for use in that particular situation. If these conditions are met, the likelihood of the individual using a particular brand in a situation can be assessed. Here emphasis is given to the consumer preference or non-preference of a certain brand, compared to its competitors 6. Innovation diffusion model Diffusion is the process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market. The rate of diffusion is the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. Adoption is similar to diffusion except that it deals with the psychological processes an individual goes through, rather than an aggregate market process. In economics it is more often named technological change Conclusion In a field as vast and diffuse as that of consumer behavior and consumer markets, it is difficult to develop a single best synthesis. We have drawn from developments in the literature of the behavioral sciences, economics, marketing, statistics, and the like and have categorized according to the stage or stages in the decision process to which those developments appear most applicable. Previous models overlap these processes and stages but this integrating framework provides a useful way of organizing this large, diverse literature. Most of the models and theories postulated above have been able to identify many cognitive, intensive and psychological factors which eventually go into the buying process for any individual. These are such as Purchase Awareness, Belief dynamics, Product perceptions, Product preferences, Brand choice, Store choice and Quantity choice. The future of consumer behavior modeling is bright; newer models are richer, more flexible, and more closely attuned to modern data sources. Yet many phenomena are poorly model at the moment. Many modern areas such as modeling consumer purchase heuristics, modeling consumers psychological processes, matching models to market segment, and modeling preferences can serve as fruitful areas that deserve intensive attention in the future. And so we can say with far more probability and accuracy that advertising do affect consumer behavior and also helps us to register our brand in their subconscious or conscious minds thereby helping the organization boost sales. References   Bass, Frank M. The Theory of Stochastic Preference and Brand Switching, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (February 1974), 1-20. Belk, Russell W. An Exploratory Assessment of Situational Effects in E, Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (May 1974), 156-163. Belk, Russell W. The Objective Situation as a Determinant of Consumer Behavior, Proceedings. Fifth Annual Conference, Association of Consumer Research, Chicago, 1974, forthcoming. Bhagat, Rabi S., P.S. Raju, and Jagdish N. Sheth (1974), The Prediction of Buying Intentions: A Comparative Study of the Predictive Efficacy Attitudinal Models,† New Orleans, Louisiana. Clark, Eric, The Want Makers, Viking, 1988 Young, Charles E., The Advertising Handbook, Ideas in Flight, Seattle, WA April 2005 Holt, D. (2002) Why Brands Cause Trouble? A dialectical theory of Consumer Culture and Branding in Journal of Consumer Research, June 2002 Lees, Loretta, (1998) Urban Renaissance and the Street in Nicholas R. Stuart, Ewen., (2005) Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture, Basic Books Williamson, Judith (1994): Decoding Advertisements (Ideas in Progress), Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd Wernick, Andrew (1991) Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression Klein, Naomi. (2000) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. New York: Picador Duane C. S. and Nerone, John C, (2007) Freedom from Advertising Cook, Guy (2001 2nd edition) The Discourse of Advertising, London: Routledge Graydon, Shari (2003) Made You Look How Advertising Works and Why You Should Know, Toronto: Annick Press

How to Make a Red Cabbage pH Indicator

How to Make a Red Cabbage pH Indicator Make your own pH indicator solution! Red cabbage juice contains a natural pH indicator that changes colors according to the acidity of the solution. Red cabbage juice indicators are easy to make, exhibit a wide range of colors, and can be used to make your own pH paper strips. Introduction to the Cabbage pH Indicator Red cabbage contains a pigment molecule called flavin (an anthocyanin). This water-soluble pigment is also found in apple skin, plums, poppies, cornflowers, and grapes. Very acidic solutions will turn anthocyanin a red color. Neutral solutions result in a purplish color. Basic solutions appear in greenish-yellow. Therefore, it is possible to determine the pH of a solution based on the color it turns the anthocyanin pigments in red cabbage juice. The color of the juice changes in response to changes in its hydrogen ion concentration. pH is the -log[H]. Acids will donate hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution and have a low pH (pH 7). Materials You Will Need Red cabbageBlender or knifeBoiling waterFilter paper (coffee filters work well)One large glass beaker or another glass containerSix 250 mL beakers or other small glass containersHousehold ammonia (NH3)Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3)Washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3)Lemon juice (citric acid, C6H8O7)Vinegar (acetic acid, CH3COOH)Cream of tartar (Potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6)Antacids (calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide)Seltzer water (carbonic acid, H2CO3)Muriatic acid or masonrys cleaner (hydrochloric acid, HCl)Lye (potassium hydroxide, KOH or sodium hydroxide, NaOH) Procedure Chop the cabbage into small pieces until you have about 2 cups of chopped cabbage. Place the cabbage in a large beaker or other glass container and add boiling water to cover the cabbage. Allow at least ten minutes for the color to leach out of the cabbage.Alternatively, you can place about 2 cups of cabbage in a blender, cover it with boiling water, and blend it.Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish colored liquid. This liquid is at about pH 7. The exact color you get depends on the pH of the water.Pour about 50 - 100 mL of your red cabbage indicator into each 250 mL beaker.Add various household solutions to your indicator until a color change is obtained. Use separate containers for each household solution - you dont want to mix chemicals that dont go well together! Red Cabbage pH Indicator Colors pH 2 4 6 8 10 12 Color Red Purple Violet Blue Blue-Green Greenish Yellow Tips and Safety This demo uses acids and bases, so please make certain to use safety goggles and gloves, particularly when handling strong acids (HCl) and strong bases (NaOH or KOH).Chemicals used in this demo may be safely washed down the drain with water.A neutralization experiment could be performed using cabbage juice indicator. First, add an acidic solution such as vinegar or lemon juice until a reddish color is obtained. Then add baking soda or antacids to return the pH towards a neutral 7.You can make your own pH paper strips using red cabbage indicator. Take filter paper (or coffee filter) and soak it in a concentrated red cabbage juice solution. After a few hours, remove the paper and allow it to dry (hang it by a clothespin or string). Cut the filter into strips and use them to test the pH of various solutions. To test a sample, place a drop of liquid on the test strip. Dont dip the strip in the liquid or else youll get cabbage juice in it. An example of a basic solution is laundry soap. E xamples of common acids include lemon juice and vinegar.

Clinical supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical supervision - Essay Example afterwards, in order to analyze it"(Goldhammer 1969)Four years after Goldhammer outlined his model for clinical supervision, Cogan did an analysis of Goldhammer's work and with the assistance of supervisors of teachers at Harvard University, Cogan adopted his own Clinical Supervision model, albeit it has three more steps than the pioneering model, the minor variance in the number of steps does not water down or conflict in concept. Cogan, however, does exhibit some flexibility as he offers, "certain phases may be omitted or altered, or new procedures instituted, depending upon the successful development of the working relationship between the supervisor and the teacher"(Cogan 1973 10-12). The fact that an allowance is kept alive for the possible retrofitting of a model, is an extremely salient point; because one might not always be successful in keeping the practice and theory diversities at a minimum, therefore adjustment might be necessary in both the model and its presentation.A third model was designed by Acheson & Gall (1987), this model possesses only three steps; planning conference; observation and feedback conference. The Peer Assistance and Review states that, "The clinical Supervision concept is intended to be a cyclic process. This implies that the supervision process is not a one time "drop in" event, but rather, the teacher and the supervisor will work together through a series of cycles to enhance the teachers abilities"(PAR) Anderson & Krajewsk i(1993 pp 175-176), are working on a similar flexible plane as Cogan as they maintain, "teachers are not compelled to follow a sequential order, "they can cut them to suit the situations in which they find...Goldhammer (1969) defines the term ‘clinical’ as, â€Å"it is meant to imply supervision up close† That is the supervisor actually observes the teacher in the classroom, collects data on the observation, and uses the data for analysis following the observation†Goldhammer believed that the supervisory process is prime to embody an aire of open communication and trust between the teacher and his/her consulting teacher. The most basic element in the process is how the teacher feels about their personal level of capabilities. There has been an evolutionary explosion in the area of Clinical supervision in the past ten years. We have come to see the practice of development of cognitive coaching, peer coaching, and action research. Either one of these three processes can work in accord with either of the three clinical supervision models mention herein. If either of the processes is applied individually, as in the case of cognitive coaching; wherein Cos ta and Garmston (1994) , describes as, â€Å"a non-judgmental set of practices built around a planning conference, lesson observation, and a reflective follow-up conference†(Costa & Garmston). These processes breakdown a group of basic assumptions, guidelines, and skills which can work in all contact with other teachers, learners, and the parents. It follows, that when all three of these processes are super imposed over the various steps of either of the three models mentioned, it is a given that we are then reckoning with a major positive shift in the learning environment.

International HRM Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International HRM - Term Paper Example Consequently, it also enhanced its sustainability and competitive advantages among other apparent competitors in the market substantially assisting the organization to retain its market share and brand fidelity. Under the leadership and control of Adelia Adolfo, the productivity and profitability level in Calidad was enhanced to a significant extent, making headlines in a leading tourism industry publication of Yucatan's in the year 2010. Calidad became successful in the attainment of 14 new car-rental sites, which facilitated the enlargement of its brand image and its uniqueness in the market among other competing firms. In addition, acquisition of new rental sites also enhanced the efficiency and profit margin of Calidad, thereby amplifying its sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the management also decided to operate internationally, by purchasing the Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR), situated in the neighboring country of Belize. Therefore, to maintain the varied sites of BAR in an efficient and effective way, employing numerous skilled site-managers has become quite essential for Calidad. By employing skilled site-managers, the company intends to facilitate Calidad in broadening its market value and supremacy among other organizational players of the specific region. Due to this fact, the management of Calidad has made an attempt to recruit 10 site-managers, who will be responsible for supplementing the site operations, leading towards the improvement of its corporate image and revenue as it is extremely essential for Calidad to execute its operations in an effective way. The job responsibilities offered for the position of a site-manager will encompass the decision-making as well as strategic designing aimed at facilitating the company’s expansion and thereby will require highly skilled and experienced professionals. It will be a permanent job with 10 vacancies, comprising the liability of handling diverse types of site-related issues and client l iaisons. It is an urgent vacancy and the interested candidates should possess the below mentioned Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) along with other personal and desired abilities to fulfill the assigned Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs). Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs) Management and supervision of the day to day actions of a particular site Controlling labor related issues in that particular site Maintaining vigilance over the number of cars, hired by the tourists Maintaining a record of all the tourists, hiring vehicles from the site of Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR) Providing the customer with every piece of requisite information as per their desires and requirements Maintaining both hard and soft copy of the charges of all cars, hired by tourists Preparation of balance sheets and profit and loss statements at the end of each month Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) Must possess excellent communication skills in English and Spanish An engineering degree in any discipline is mandatory Additional degree such as MBA or any other professional course will be preferred The candidate must have a minimum of 5-10 years experience in a similar field The candidate must have adequate local knowledge regarding the hiring rates of the rented vehicles Desirable Skills Excellent mastery of Microsoft Word and Excel along with other

The African American Term. Or Discrimination Essay

The African American Term. Or Discrimination - Essay Example His demand that he should be considered an African-American because he is an African and an American citizen sounds genuine at first glace. But Swarn reveals the issues related to such a proposition from the perspective of those who oppose it. The fact that Colin Powell, the son of Jamaican parents, and Barack Obama, the son of a Kenyan father and an African mother, have reached the pinnacles of US politics explains how the African immigrants have become an integral part of the black community. However, it remains to be seen whether the essentialist African-Americans would identify with them in all spheres. Mr. Alan Keyes, Obama’s Republican challenger for the Senate seat in Illinois had questioned Obama’s claim to be an African-American, stating that he lacks the consciousness that was formed by a heritage of slavery that the ancestors of African-Americans had gone through. Though Obama and Powell prefer to call themselves African-American, many of the children of Afri can Immigrants just prefer the term African, or Jamaican-African or Nigerian-African, depending on the places of their origin. Some others prefer the more generic term ‘black’ for their identity. Bobby Austin, who opposes the African immigrants being integrated to the category of African-Americans, explains that some people feared that â€Å"black immigrants and their children would snatch up the hard-won opportunities made possible by the civil rights movement†. Several surveys support this view, indicating that the children of black immigrants are making use of educational and employment opportunities in a greater number than African-Americans. Dr.Austin affirms that the suffering of the African-Americans that have lasted many decades is not at alleviated with the help of the civil rights movement, because the black immigrants pose a threat and hindrance to their social and cultural development. Mr. Obama’s view is that the African

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Essay Miss Sheila Birling, a prominent character in Priestlys play An Inspector Calls, undergoes many changes throughout the play. The audience and readers perspective towards her also alters. Sheila changes before our eyes from a little girl into a strong young woman. In the beginning, Sheila is described to us as being in her early twenties and very pleased with life. This gives us an impression that she is just a girl, who has not seen enough of the world yet and is very young in her thoughts. We see her as being very immature at first, addressing her parents as Mummy and Daddy. She is clearly a mummys girl who follows her parents instructions and orders For example, she meekly follows her mother to the drawing-room and leaves the men including her husband-to-be. Although she is engaged to Gerald Croft, Sheila places her husband-to-be on a pedestal, admiring him and calling h9im darling. She takes the engagement ring like a little girl would receive a new toy look, mummy! The way Sheila acts in the first part of the play makes her seem like someone who is soft, innocent and silly, or plain immature. After the Inspector arrives, our opinion towards her changes. After she confesses to the Inspector, Sheila breaks down. She feels very sorry for all the pain she has caused Eva Smith. The Inspector makes her feel responsible for using her wealth, importance and influence to get a truly innocent girl sacked from her last steady job. Sheila sobs and cries, like a child. However, our opinion really changes when she confronts Gerald. Sheila laughs hysterically, at the end of Act One, when she says, You fool. Of course he knows. And I hate to think what he knows that we dont know yet. This behaviour is rather like that of a teenager throwing a tantrum, showing her growing realisation and maturity. When Gerald begins to confess, Sheila shows a rebellious streak. She refuses to be led away by her parents who want her to be protected. This is like what the average adolescent would do when they wish to cross new territory. Sheila begins to control herself a little more rationally during Geralds interrogation Gerald falls off the high placing he was originally on as Sheila calls him by name rather than by some playful nickname.

Deletion Essay -- Biology, DNA

Deletion is a mutation in which a part of the chromosome or the DNA is absent or lost. It may be inherent, or it may be due to improper chromosomal crossing-over during meiosis. This deletion is responsible for the abnormalities in the patient. One of the known disorders seen due to deletion is the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), first described by Wolf et al[1] and Hirschhorn et al[2], results from the hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. Due to the complex and unmarked expression of this disorder, the WHS syndrome is presumed to be a contiguous gene syndrome with an indeterminate number of genes responsible for the phenotype i.e. a multigenic etiology. [3][4] The size of the terminal deletion may vary from a subtle 1.4Mb to a classic 30Mb [5]. Earlier genotype-phenotype correlation studies reveal that the main characteristic feature of WHS - the ‘Greek warrior helmet face’, is caused due to the hemizygosity of the WHSC1 gene located in the WHS critical region (WHSCR).[5] Various other genes are also located in the WHSCR which are responsible for most other phenotypic features. More precisely, the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR) is located at 4p16.3 region. Approximately 25% of the patients with WHS deletion in this region are not detectable by cytogenetic karyotyping [6]. Hence, FISH has to be performed. The prevalence of this syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 50,000 births [7] with a female to male ratio of 2:1[8]. Case report: A baby was born with low birth weight of 1.8 kg to a 36 yr old father and 32 yr old mother. The proposita is the 6th girl child of the non-consanguineous parents. As can be seen from the pedigree chart shown in figure 2, the mothe... ...infant with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: a dilemma in determination of the optimal timing of delivery. Clinical Medicine: Case reports. 8. Society for the Study of Behavioral Phenotypes (SSBP) Information sheet: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Registered Charity number 1013849. 9. Altherr, M.R., Bengtsson, U., Elder, F. F. B., Ledbetter, D. H., Wasmuth, J. J., McDonald, M.E., Gusella, J. F., Greenberg, F. Molecular confirmation of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome with a subtle translocation of chromosome 4. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49: 1235-1242, 1991. [PubMed: 1746553] 10. Althea T. Impact of chromosome 4p-syndrome on communication and expressive language skills: A preliminary investigation. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools. Vol 41 265-276 July 2010. 11. Harold Chen. EMedicine Specialties> Pediatrics: Genetics and Metabolism Disease> Genetics. Updated Jun 16, 2009.