The Industrial Revolution A Social Change - 1279 Words

There is no doubt that a technological change brings about a social change. The Industrial revolution saw many people displaced from their land, finding work in crowded city factories. Serfdom was abolished and the population shifted from villages to the cities. Strong family ties, self-sufficiency and the right to occupy land were replaced with uncertain tenancy of land, dependency on trade and a weakening of the family unit. Economically, goods and money abounded, and trade flourished. The merchant class profited from the wealth that was generated on the backs of the displaced population of urban workers. Children were sent to work in factories, in order for families to make enough money to live. The peasant class worked long hard hours†¦show more content†¦The insidious part of GM is that there is no recall once it is released into the environment. Salmon that will grow ten times faster than normal salmon will destroy river systems, as their unfair genetically modified advantage will see all smaller life forms extinguished and genetically modified crops that are dependent on pesticides will contaminate organic, heritage seeds that have sustained people for thousands of years. Seeds will no longer be able to be harvested and replanted but the farmer will have to buy new seed every year from GM seed makers. This fight is more important than the fight over open source because it involves the right of people everywhere to have clean, safe food that has not been genetically altered. Essentially GM is a tax on everyone because a patent will be on every seed and seeds are made to be sterile the following year. This is something to become angry about. The greedy corporations and individuals that want control over our food, water and land, do not care about the irreversible damage to the environment, people and animals that they cause. We have the right to eat tomatoes that are free of fish DNA, meat and milk that is free of human DNA, pigs that haven t been grown to harvest anthrax antibodies. They will never be able to prove the safety of GM food and no long term studies have been done. Nor will GM solve the problem of soil erosion, and pollution of rivers from artificial fertilizers and pesticides. OnlyShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution and Social Changes1861 Words   |  8 Pagesworkshop of the world. The industrial revolution, as the transformation came to be called, caused a sustained rise in real income per person in England and, as its effects spread, the rest of the Western world. Historians agree that the industrial revolution was one of the most important events in history, marking the rapid transition to the modern age, but they disagree about various aspects of the event. Of all the disagreements, the oldest one is over how the industrial revolution affected ordinary peopleRead MoreSocial Changes D uring The Industrial Revolution1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution in Britain led to many social changes for the country as well as its people. Prior to the revolution, many people, especially of the lower class in terms of wealth, lived in the countryside where they worked fields to feed their own families. After the Industrial Revolution began, however, this all changed as the demand for more and more goods became abundant, and a method of increasing the supply was needed. Factories would be built in towns by the upper class businessRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Social And Economic Change1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a time of social and economic change which emphasized the power of humanity over nature. It was also an era of change which consisted of inventions that were mass produced to make life easier between 1750 and 1914. Although the Industrial Revolution led to efficient transportation and made Great Britain the cent er of world commerce, only the upper class got to truly enjoy that. The Industrial Revolution had spread to all around the world so the impact was more brutalRead MorePrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution1740 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Sources and Social Change of the Industrial Revolution The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living of working class people is, and has been frequently debated. There is a mass of primary and secondary sources of evidence from the time of the Industrial Revolution available to support differing views of the debate, and there are also many novels available that were written at the time which criticise industrial society, but the difficulty of Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Radical Process Of Social And Economic Change1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a radical process of social and economic change. Energy was a major incentive to the agricultural society to the industrial. Until James Watt created the steam engine, which deployed rapidly starting in the 1780s, animal and human power were the primary sources of energy (Clare). During the last three decades of the century, electricity and gasoline-fuels engines further expanded productivity (Clare). A factory system with machine manufacturing and divisions of laborRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Significant Social And Political Change Essay2146 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period of significant social and political change, constituted through the rise of science, increasing democracy, urbanisation, the growth of the state global isation. This period of time changed the way people worked and went about their everyday lives. The shift from agrarian societies to a system where people were paid for their labour, resulted in urbanisation. This was also aided by the mass production of goods being manufactured in factories in order to makeRead Moreâ€Å"Social Classes Role in Bringing About Change During the Industrial Revolution1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed. The Industrial Revolution brought about the birth of two classes: The middle class and the working class. In the article â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† (1848) by Karl Marx, it states that â€Å"Marx saw the oppression of the worker by those who owned means of production.†(1) Did the Industrial Revolution benefit both, or yet cause grievance in one and be beneficialRead MoreIndustrial, French, and American Re volutions: Common Social Revolutions?764 Words   |  4 Pageshistory there have been many important revolutions that have help to shape society as it is today. There are different causes, from political to religious, economic to social. Any revolution affects those in society, and creates changes for the people in the society. There are three important revolutions that took place in the late 18th century that changed the world for the better. The French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all took place in the late 1700s. AlthoughRead MoreImportant Factors Leading to Industrial Revolution1606 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, it is almost taken for granted that the industrial revolutions are the result of changing technology and the proper application of that in the industrial production. However, from my point of view, these two factors did play a vital role in stimulating industrial revolutions, but they were not the only catalyzer propelling monumental development in industry. Influentially, the improvements in organizations of politics, social patterns, commerce, finance, and transportation alsoRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is considered

Recombinant Dna Techniques Essay - 1871 Words

In this experiment, individuals were able to use recombinant DNA techniques such as cloning to alter the DNA of a certain strain of yeast called Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. By the use of cloning, scientists are able to analyze and compare the genetic material of a specific organism to another. In this lab, the recombinant DNA techniques are used to transform AmpS E. Coli to AmpR E. Coli. This was done by using an insert, a vector, and a host. The insert was S. Cerevisiae genomic DNA, E. Coli plasmid was the vector, and E. Coli was the host. The technique of gel electrophoresis was also used to determine whether the DNA was cut or not with restriction enzymes. Uncut sequences of the DNA were sent to an outside laboratory for sequencing. Then when the sequencing was complete, computer programs, such as BLAST, were used to determine whether or not the genomic insert originates from a gene and if the yeast codes for a protein that could be found within the human genome. Introduction- Sacc haromyces Cerevisiae, more commonly known as baker’s yeast or brewer’s yeast, is very favorable to use in biotechnology because of the wide range of environmental conditions it could live in. S. Cerevisiae is capable to live from freezing temperatures to about 55ââ€" ¦C, proliferate from 12ââ€" ¦C to 40ââ€" ¦C, grow within the pH range of 2.8-8.0, could be dried almost completely and still â€Å"come back alive† with the addition of water, grow and ferment at sugar concentrations of 3M, and can tolerate up to aShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the process of altering the ends of the strand so that they could be attachedRead MoreDna Lab Report1345 Words   |  6 Pages The genomic DNA sample concentration of 28.5 ng/ÃŽ ¼L and its A260/A280 ratio of 1.85 indicates that the DNA was relatively pure since a 260/280 ratio of ~1.8 is generally accepted as pure for DNA (Cox, Doudna O’Donnell, 2015). The ratio of white colonies to blue colonies observed on the blue-white screen plate was 31:37, which shows that there was a greater number of E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± that did not contain the plasmid with the foreign gene insert. Therefore, out of all of the E. coli DH5-ÃŽ ± cells thatRead MoreThe Potential Of Manipulating Genetic Engineering1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe last decades of scientific innovation centered around one technique: genetic engineering. The process of splicing a donor gene into a separate organism; as a result, it will create a transgenic organism which performs various actions. The potential of manipulating genetic information in an organism is interminable. From cloning animals to minuscule bacteria, the scientific world is accelerat ing their advancements in this relatively new concept. However, with the success, speculation and controversyRead MoreThe Human Of Recombinant Bacteria1649 Words   |  7 PagesRecombinant bacteria is a bacterium cell that has had its genome changed, by the alteration, or edition of a gene. Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially prepared by cutting DNA into smaller fragments and joining fragments together, that would not normally be found together naturally- even fragments taken from different organisms.( Principles of Gene Manipulation sixth edition, S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W. Old ) DNA can be cut using the enzyme Restriction endonuclease, which recognisesRead MoreThe Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesusually associated with recombinant DNA technology. The idea of recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban but the founding principles were published in 1973 by Stanly Cohen and Hebert Boyer. â€Å"Recombin ant DNA technology allows DNA to be produced via artificial means. This technology works by taking DNA from two different sources and combining it into a single molecule.† The ideas promoted by Karl Ereky illustrate a direct connection between biotechnology and recombinant DNA. A widely debatedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms: Good or Bad?632 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMO) are organisms whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory using various genetic manipulating techniques. These procedures specifically modify the genome of the organism at a molecular level usually by the insertion of genes from different species of organisms that code for traits that are not possible to obtain through customary process like selective breeding. Genetically modified organisms have been a great controversy as they have resolved many difficultiesRead MoreGene Therapy Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe second technique used in gene therapy is ligation, which is used to ‘glue’ the removed functioning ADA gene into the viral DNA so that recombinant circular DNA (cDNA) can be created. Viral DNA is obtained from a virus, such as an adenovirus (often used for gene therapy treatments) which has been ‘purified’ so that it does not cause harm (infect host with the virus) to the human body when introduced. The ADA gene is then spliced into the open vector (viral cDNA), using the enzyme ligase whichRead MoreThe Use Of Recombinant Dna For Science And Medicine909 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of recombinant DNA technology has been a huge advancement to science. In the early 1970s the first recombinant DNA was produced (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). Researchers Stanley Cohen and Hebert Boyer used restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then fused them back together to form their recombinant vector (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). Through transformation the vector is then inserted into a host cell to amplify their hybrid DNA, also known as recombinant DNA (â€Å"1972Read MorePollution And Its Effects On The Environment1731 Words   |  7 Pagesusing those contaminants as a source of food or energy. Genetics has opened the door to a wide range of possibili ties through better understanding the structure of DNA, and the processes of transcription and translation. This has allowed scientists to use that knowledge to genetically modify bacteria, fungi, and plants using recombinant DNA technology to allow them to better utilize the resources provided by the contaminants. In our history industrial booms using heavy metals, evolving transportationRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material by direct intervention in the genetic processes with the purpose of producing new substances or improving functions

dfssd Essay Example For Students

dfssd Essay MS-DOS Device DriversApril 1998(c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998This document provides complementary or late-breaking information to supplement the Microsoft Windows 98 documentation. How to Use This DocumentTo view Msdosdrv.txt on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Msdosdrv.txt, open it in Notepad or another word processor, and then on the File menu, click Print. In syntax lines, except where noted, lowercase text signifies replaceable parameters and uppercase text signifies text that must be typed as it appears. NOTE: The Config.txt file contains more Help for MS-DOS commands. In addition, you can type the name of the command at the command prompt, followed by a slash and question mark (/?). For example: CHKDSK /?If you have the Windows 98 CD, you can get additional help on MS-DOS commands, including syntax and examples. You can load the MS-DOS 6.0 help file by browsing the oolsoldmsdos folder, and then clicking Help. CONTENTSANSI.SYSDBLBUFF.SYS DOUBLE BUFFERINGDISPLAY.SYSDRVSPACE.SYS, DBLSPACE.SYSEMM386.EXEHIMEM.SYSRAMDRIVE.SYSSETVER.EXEANSI.SYS=========NOTE: In this section, uppercase letters in syntax and ANSI escape sequences indicate text you must type exactly as it appears. ANSI.SYS defines functions that change display graphics, controls cursor movement, and reassigns keys. The ANSI.SYS device driver supports ANSI terminal emulation of escape sequences to control your systems screen and keyboard. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file. Syntax DEVICE=drive:pathANSI.SYS /X /K /RParameterdrive:path Specifies the location of the ANSI.SYS file. Switches/X Remaps extended keys independently on 101-key keyboards. /K Causes ANSI.SYS to treat a 101-key keyboard like an 84-key keyboard. It is equivalent to the command SWITCHES=/K. If you usually use the SWITCHES=/K command, you will need to use the /K switch with ANSI.SYS. /RAdjusts line scrolling to improve readability when ANSI.SYS is used with screen-reading programs (which make computers more accessible to people with disabilities). Parameters used in ANSI escape sequences:Pn Numeric parameter. Specifies a decimal number. Ps Selective parameter. Specifies a decimal number that you use to select a function. You can specify more than one function by separating the parameters with semicolons (;). PL Line parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the lines on your screen or on another device. Pc Column parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the columns on your screen or on another device. ANSI escape sequences for cursor movement, graphics, and keyboard settings:In the following list of ANSI escape sequences, the abbreviation ESC represents the ASCII escape character 27 (1Bh), which appears at the beginning of each escape sequence. ESCPL;PcH Cursor Position: Moves the cursor to the specified position (coordinates). If you do not specify a position, the cursor moves to the home positionthe upper-left corner of the screen (line 0, column 0). This escape sequence works the same way as the following Cursor Position escape sequence. ESCPL;Pcf Cursor Position: Works the same way as the preceding Cursor Position escape sequence. ESCPnA Cursor Up: Moves the cursor up by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the top line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnB Cursor Down: Moves the cursor down by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the bottom line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnC Cursor Forward: Moves the cursor forward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far right column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. ESCPnD Cursor Backward: Moves the cursor backward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far left column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence. .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .postImageUrl , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:visited , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:active { border:0!important; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:active , .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37a35a07f2c0191471904787a87b9bbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exemplification: Why The World Is Doomed EssayESCs Save Cursor Position: Saves the current cursor position. You can move the cursor to the saved cursor position by using the Restore Cursor Position sequence. ESCu Restore Cursor Position: Returns the cursor to the position stored by the Save Cursor Position sequence. ESC2J Erase Display: Clears the screen and moves the cursor to the home position (line 0, column 0). ESCK Erase Line: Clears all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line (including the character located at the cursor position). ESCPs;;Psm Set Graphics Mode: Calls the graphics functions specified by the following values. These specified functions remain active until the next occurrence of this escape sequence. Graphics mode changes the colors and attributes of text (such as bold and underline) displayed on the screen. Text attributesValueFunction 0All attributes off1Bold on4Underscore (on monochrome display adapter only)5Blink on7Reverse video on8Concealed on Foreground colorsValueFunction 30Black31Red32Green33Yellow34Blue35Magenta36Cyan37White

Nursing Care of Crrt Hyovolemia free essay sample

This care study aims to outline the care provided to a patient during one 12hour shift. It will present the patients cause and course of ICU admission, identify problems both potential and actual, focussing particularly and two main problems. The nursing interventions preformed will be critically analysed and supported with research. Finally the care will be critically evaluated areas of possible improvement will be outlined. Patient chosen is a 36yr old male pseudonym ‘Frank’ chosen for the purpose of confidentiality. Frank was day one post re- do orthotic liver transplantation (OLT) with roux -en-y anastomosis. He had his initial OLT for Primary sclerosing cholangitis secondary to auto-immune hepatitis preformed 5 days previously and required and urgent re-do transplant due to Hepatic vein thrombosis not responsive to conservative treatment. Prior to his re-do transplant he had required CRRT due to acute kidney injury(AKI) related to large blood loss of 2. 5litre due to coagulopathy related to liver failure. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care of Crrt Hyovolemia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was currently receiving CRRT. Frank has a past medical history of auto immune hepatitis, Ulcerative colitis (total colectomy with ileostomy formation in 08 with recurrent adhesions, stomal varices, osteoporosis, Left bundle branch block (Asymptomatic). He is a single man with both his elderly parents NOK. He was unable to work due to long term illness and lives with his parents 10miles away from the hospital. Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic hepatitis characterised by auto immune features, generally including the presence of circulating autoantibodies and a high serum globulin concentration (Krawitt 2006). This results in the body initialling in error an immune response to the liver cells and causing inflammation damage and death of the liver cells. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is the inflammation, scarring and death of the bile ducts. Ulcerative colitis is one of the risk factors Hepatic artery thrombosis occurs in estimated 2. 5% of liver transplants with aprox 50% requiring retransplantation(Stange et al 2003). It was in franks case diagnosed following routine ultrasound of liver ducts and Doppler to assess blood flow from the hepatic arteries. ARF in liver disease is common and can occur due to renal hypo perfusion or increased renal vascular resistance. (Betrosian et al 2007) and occurs in aproximatley 23% of chronic liver failure patients (Agarwal et al 2009) ASSESMENT Frank has a GCS of 9/15. He had previously been on sedation and analgesia. But was currently having a sedation vacation as recommended by kress et al (2000). He was eye opening to pain and obeying commands. Richmond agitation score(RASS) was -2 light sedation. On respiratory assessment Frank was intubated and ventilated on Pressure support ventilation (PSV)requiring minimal support of PS 8 PEEP 5 fio2 . 24. ABG supported adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Respiratory rate 16 regularly work of breathing was normal and relaxed. Lung fields clear on auscultation. Productive cough on suctioning aseptically using size 12 (Pederson et al) Cuff inflated at 30cmh2 (Stewart et al) with Achieving adequate tidal volumes of 6mls per Kg as recommended by ARDs net 2000. . Frank was maintaining a mean arterial pressure of 68mmg on 28 mc/hr. f Noradrenaline which was administered through a dedicate lumen of a central line and labelled accordingly. The MAP of 65mgh was identified patient parameter as recommended by le Doux as cited in Delinger et al 2009 to ensure adequate perfusion of the vital organs including renal perfusion. Alarms were set within patients parameters. Pulmonary artery flotation catheter was in situ with systolic 21mmgh, diastolic 9mmgh MAP 13 svo2 76% and estimated cardiac output 8. 8 wedge pressure of 6 mmgh as performed by intensives. Central venous pressure of 3mmgh. Lines were transduced a phlebosatic axis, pressure 300mmgh. PAFC secured at pillow sutures secure syringe deflated and locked measured as 60cm as checked with previous shift. Large bore rapid infuser remained in situ since surgey. On examination Frank had widespread peripheral oedema upper and lower extremities. Hypothermic. Left bundle branch block on ECG. HB 8. 0 pale peripherally to feet pulses present on Doppler related to alpha effect of Noradrenaline. Terlipressin QDS, 2. 5 litres renal no urine output post op had been on CRRT since the intra operative period. Exchange 30mls/kg/hr. heparin due to thrombosis Frank had a wide bore NGT on free drainage. He was not receiving enteral feeding as post biliary reconstruction and roux loop anastomosis of the biliary tree , Enteral feeding is not recommended in the first 48hrs post operatively to reduce the risk of biliary leakage at the anastomosis. (Welsh et al 2004) Stoma at ileostomy site was pink , protruding and functioning small amount of fluid. Abdomen was slightly distended firm to touch with transplant surgery site dressing dry and intact. On examination he had widespread peripheral oedema indicating third spacing. Periperal odema was asseseds by pushinf on bony prominence for 5 seconds . Odema is classified as mild-severe or +1-=4 (Kirton 1996)14 His oral mucosa was dry. His lactate was raised at 3 indicating lactic acidosis. Treatment of the problem was multifactorial and involves continuous communication with the multi-disciplinary team, Monitoring patient for response to treatment, and observing and treating side effects of condition and treatments. The use of CVP as an indicator of fluid status is debated. CVP is dependent on venous return to the heart, right ventricular compliance, peripheral venous tone and posture (Al Khalil and Webb 2004) some or all of these may be present in the vulnerable ICU population and as a result leave space for unreliability. There is little concrete evidence to support the use of CVP monitoring (Ahrens 2010) and current developments such as technologies to accurately measure stoke volume may be future everyday practice Franks jugular venous pressure was measured to estimate intravascular fluid volume. Not present. Moist mucous membranes, good skin turgor, and prompt capillary refill. Considering frank had received four units of RCC intra operatively and his haemoglobin was 8 as recommended by Hebert et al 1999) fluids were prescribed by the physician. 500mls of colloid fluid was prescribed. A continuous debate between the choices of fluid for fluid resuscitation exists . Colloid fluids contain large molecules than crystalloids and are argued that these large molecules poorly diffuse outside the vascular space thereby reducing the leakage of fluid to the extra vascular space and maintaining cardiac output for longer thereby reducing volume required for favourable result. Moranville et al 2010) However in a Meta-analysis of research of evidence of effect of crystalloid versus colloid fluids, there was no clear benefit of either on mortality (Alderson et al 2001). A safe study carried out in 2004 was a RCT of 6997 patient receiving either saline ( Crystalloid) or Albumin (Colloid)showed no difference in 28 day mortality in either group( Fifner et al 4004 ) . The fluid was administered to frank via central line using alcohol swabs to clean port when accessing lumens to reduce risk of line contamination. CDC guidelines 2009).