Students Have Your Own Swipe File!

A lot of students do not know what swipe files are, what their purpose is, and how to even make one. Well, it is really very simple; a swipe file is like a diary every writer keeps. This diary includes their previous work, and related things such as reference sites, pictures, important URL or anything that grabs your attention. You can let your imagination run wild. As a student using a swipe file will help keep you organized so you can submit your work on time and at the same time keep all the information you need in one place. Copywriters use swipe files to keep records of their work. They gather and store all needed information so that when needed all information is easily accessible. Students can do the same and benefit from the advantages offered by this simple tool. How to Make Your Swipe File Creating swipe files takes hardly a minute. There are three ways of doing this. 1. Online 2. Desktop 3. Scrapbook/Journal Making swipe files online is very easy, all you have to do is search on Google i.e. www.Tumblr.com is one of the hundreds of places where a user can create their swipe file and easily keep it updated with a click of a button. Artists would prefer a better platform for their work i.e. www.deviantart.com. You can also make a folder on your desktop. Simply create a new folder and you can save anything that appeals to you directly into it. Another option is to drag your important files or documents into the folder as easy as that. If you decide to make a scrapbook or journal, you can use any empty book and fill it with loads of stuff. You can add clips from newspaper or printouts or you can cut and paste pictures, make it as creative and original as you want to. Benefits There are many benefits in containing a swipe file. 1. All work you save will be in one place. 2. You can retrieve any work anytime. 3. If you save your work online it will not be erased and will be stored as long as you wish. 4. You can share your work online with your friends and with the world. 5. Organized files help save time. 6. You can make and save copies of your work. Disadvantages 1. Saving work may not always be easy as lots of times servers are full or the Internet is low. 2. Files from desktops can be erased. 3. Your scrapbook or journal can be misplaced. Conclusion Students will benefit from making their own swipe files. As mentioned above, it will help save time and efforts. Having all your information organized in one place is very useful in a student’s life as a lot of times they have to meet deadlines. This also becomes a healthy habit. Swipe files are the most efficient way of keeping your work safe and secured and they are easy to access anytime you want to. In short, students should maintain swipe files to gain easy access to their work.

R. Buckminster Fuller, About a Visionary Designer

Famous for his design of the geodesic dome, Richard Buckminster Fuller spent his life exploring what the little, penniless, unknown individual might be able to do effectively on behalf of all humanity. Background: Born: July 12, 1895 in Milton, Massachusetts Died: July 1, 1983 Education: Expelled from Harvard University during freshman year. Received training at the U.S. Naval Academy while enlisted in the military. Fuller developed an early understanding of nature during family vacations to Maine. He became familiar with boat design and engineering as a young boy, which led him to serve in the US Navy from 1917 to 1919. While in the military, he invented a winch system for rescue boats to pull downed airplanes out of the ocean in time to save the lives of pilots. Awards and Honors: 44 honorary doctoral degreesGold Medal of the American Institute of ArchitectsGold Medal of the Royal Institute of British ArchitectsNominated for Nobel Peace PrizeJanuary 10, 1964: Featured on the cover of Time magazine 2004: Featured on a commemorative stamp by the US Postal Service. The artwork was the painting of Fuller by Boris Artzybasheff (1899-1965), an image that originally appeared on Time magazine. Important Works: 1926: Co-inventor of a new way to manufacture reinforced concrete buildings. This patent led to other inventions.1932: The portable Dymaxion house, an inexpensive, mass-produced home that could be airlifted to its location.1934: The Dymaxion car, a streamlined, three-wheeled automobile that could make extraordinarily sharp turns.1938: Nine Chains to the Moon 1946: The Dymaxion Map, showing planet Earth on a single flat map without visible distortion of the continents.1949: Developed the Geodesic Dome, patent in 1954.1967: Biosphere, the US Pavilion at Expo 67, Montreal, Canada1969: Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth1970: Approaching the Benign Environment 1975: Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking (read Synergetics online) Quotes by Buckminster Fuller: Whenever I draw a circle, I immediately want to step out of it.You must choose between making money and making sense. The two are mutually exclusive.We are blessed with technology that would be indescribable to our forefathers. We have the wherewithal, the know-it-all to feed everybody, clothe everybody, and give every human on Earth a chance. We know now what we could never have known before--that we now have the option for all humanity to make it successfully on this planet in this lifetime. Whether it is to be Utopia or Oblivion will be a touch-and-go relay race right up to the final moment. What Others Say About Buckminster Fuller: He was really the worlds first green architect and was passionately interested in the issues of ecology and sustainability....He was very provocative—one of those people that if you met him, you would learn something or he would send you away and you would pursue a new line of inquiry, which would later turn out to be of value. And he was totally unlike the stereotype or the caricature that everybody assumed he was like. He was interested in poetry and the spiritual dimensions of works of art.—Norman Foster Source: Interview by Vladimir Belogolovskiy, archi.ru [accessed May 28, 2015] About R. Buckminster Fuller: Standing only 52 tall, Buckminster Fuller loomed over the twentieth century. Admirers affectionately call him Bucky, but the name he gave himself was Guinea Pig B. His life, he said, was an experiment. When he was 32 years old, his life seemed hopeless. Bankrupt and without a job, Fuller was grief stricken over the death of his first child, and he had a wife and a newborn to support. Drinking heavily, Buckminster Fuller contemplated suicide. Instead, he decided that his life was not his to throw away—it belonged to the universe. Buckminster Fuller embarked on an experiment to discover what the little, penniless, unknown individual might be able to do effectively on behalf of all humanity. To this end, the visionary designer spent the next half century searching for ways of doing more with less so that all people could be fed and sheltered. Although Buckminster Fuller never obtained a degree in architecture, he was an architect and engineer who designed revolutionary structures. Fullers famous Dymaxion House was a pre-fabricated, pole-supported dwelling. His Dymaxion car was a streamlined, three-wheeled vehicle with the engine in the rear. His Dymaxion Air-Ocean Map projected a spherical world as a flat surface with no visible distortion. Dymaxion Deployment Units (DDUs) were mass-produced houses based on circular grain bins. But Bucky is perhaps most famous for his creation of the geodesic dome—a remarkable, sphere-like structure based on theories of energetic-synergetic geometry which he developed while in the Navy during WWII. Efficient and economical, the geodesic dome was widely hailed as a possible solution to world housing shortages. During his lifetime, Buckminster Fuller wrote 28 books and was awarded 25 United States patents. Although his Dymaxion car never caught on and his design for geodesic domes is rarely used for residential dwellings, Fuller made his mark in areas of architecture, mathematics, philosophy, religion, urban development, and design. Visionary or Man With Wacky Ideas? The word dymaxion became associated with Fullers invention. It was coined by store advertisers and marketing associated, but is trademarked in Fullers name. Dy-max-ion is a combination of dynamic, maximum, and ion. Many concepts proposed by Buckminster Fuller are ones that today we take for granted. For example, way back in 1927, Fuller sketched a one-town world, where air transport over the North Pole would be viable and desirable. Synergetics: After 1947, the geodesic dome dominated Fullers thoughts.  His interest, like any architects interest, was in understanding the balance of compression and tension forces in buildings, not unlike the tensile architecture work of Frei Otto. Like Ottos German Pavilion at Expo 67, Fuller showcased his Geodesic Dome Biosphere at the same Exposition in Montreal, Canada. Lightweight, cost-effective and easy to assemble, geodesic domes enclose space without intrusive supporting columns, efficiently distribute stress, and withstand extreme conditions. Fullers approach to geometry was synergetic, based on the synergy of how parts of things interact to create the whole thing. Similar to Gestalt Psychology, Fullers ideas struck the right chord with visionaries and non-scientists especially. Source: USPS News Release, 2004 Architects on US Postage Stamps: 1966: Frank Lloyd Wright2004: Isamu Noguchi, Landscape Architect2004: R. Buckminster Fuller2015: Robert Robinson Taylor, Architect

Impact Of Gmo Production On Engineering - 1226 Words

Section 3: Impact of GMO production on Engineering in the Islamic Republic of Iran According to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications, the world’s major manufacturers of GM crops are the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India and China. The latest findings show that the production of genetically modified crops has grown rapidly and after 12 years, 25 countries have assigned 125 million acres of their agricultural lands to raising genetically modified crops. A wide variety of economic, social and technical aspect of farming determine the adoption of agricultural technology. In 2006, GM crop manufacture also reached significant levels in Paraguay, South Africa, Uruguay and Australia. In the EU, crops have remained uncommon, with the only considerable GM maize production in the EU coming from Spain on an area of approximately 60,000 hectares. In Portugal, Germany, France and the Czech Republic, GM crops were mainly grown for small-scale research trials. In 2005, Iran and the Czech Republic began commercially growing GM crops. As of 2006, 38 percent of GM crops are grown in developing countries (James). Approximately one-third of Iran s total area is suitable for farming, but because of their poor soil and lack of water in many regions, most of it is not under development. Only around 15 percent of the total land area is developed for farming but less than one-third of that area is properly irrigated. The remaining area is dedicatedShow MoreRelatedGenetic Modification : Genetically Modified Foods Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages145111 LAB 1: Two WebPages on Genetically Modified Foods http://www.sustainabletable.org/264/genetic-engineering and http://findourcommonground.com/food-facts/gmo-foods/ -Critical Evaluation: A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is a plant or animal that has had its DNA modified through the integration of genes from a different organism into its own genetic genomes (Zaid et al., 2011). Genetic Modification is claimed to create more drought and disease tolerance (CommonGround, 2015), but thereRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1199 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Genetically modified organisms come to be through genetic engineering where their genetic material is artificially altered in a laboratory to suit certain specifications. 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Some other debates have been more econo mically based and question whether the negative aspects of GMOs should be overlooked forRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On The Lives Of Everyone1434 Words   |  6 PagesGMOs There is many different kinds of food that is not known what it is actually made from. The most common type of food that is in everyday life is a GMO. What is a GMO? A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. The foreign genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans because this involves the transfer of genesRead MoreThe Use Of Gmo Foods1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of GMO s Biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. It enhanced the food production by making plants less vulnerable to drought, frost, insects, and viruses and by enabling plants to compete more effectively against weeds for soil nutrients. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms (except for human beings) in which the genetic material has been altered in a way which doesn t occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. GMO s have widespreadRead MoreFood Ethics: Should Environmentalists Oppose Genetically Modified Food?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfoods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) are crop plants that are modified in a laboratory to enhance desired traits, to offer greater yields, to improve pest and disease resistance, to increase nutrition, or to boost tolerance to temperature extremes, drought, and salinity (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide). This controversial concept has been debated among environme ntal activists, public interest groups, and other scientists and government officials since GMOs were introducedRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms1649 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Genetic engineering is the science of making changes to the genes of a plant or animal to produce a desired result (Anon., n.d.). Genetic engineering is being used by scientists for various projects. It is being used to explore and alter the human genome as well as the genomes of other animals and organisms. Genetic engineering is used to create GMOs. GMO is the abbreviation for genetically modified organism, this organism’s genome is altered, using genetic engineering, so that its DNA containsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1665 Words   |  7 PagesA genetically modified organism (GMO) is a chemical organism processed in a laboratory where genes from the DNA of the crops are extracted and then artificially forced into an unrelated product that, when put into the crops the farmers raise, can chemically change the makeup of the crop. The chemical makeup can be from the change in the skin color of the crop to the actual organic chemistry compound. Genetic engine ering is the process of splicing the genes in the crop and taking out a certain chemicalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Red Apple 1703 Words   |  7 PagesBuffed, in the New York Times explaining a new genetically modified apple, the Arctic Apple, that will not turn brown when it is cut up or bruised. Having an apple that ceases to turn brown after slicing, biting or being bruised can create a dramatic impact for many apple growers and eaters. The Botany of Desire: A Plant’s Eye View of the World, written by Michael Pollan, explains how humans like to divide the world into subjects and objects especially when it comes to cultivating nature. Pollan furtherRead MoreThe Use Of Gmo Foods1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of GMO s Biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. It enhanced the food production by making plants less vulnerable to drought, frost, insects, and viruses and by enabling plants to compete more effectively against weeds for soil nutrients. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms (except for human beings) in which the genetic material has been altered in a way which doesn t occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. GMO s have widespread

Why Is My Memory So Important - 1646 Words

Why is our memory so important? Imagine waking up one day and everything and everyone you once knew just becomes strange to you. Your life no longer exists. Family and friends who love you now become strangers; no matter how hard you tried nothing seems to make sense anymore. You feel trapped in this world surrounding you feeling like the walls are just caving in you. Memory is defined as our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. The cool thing about memory is that it has the ability to influence present and future behavior based on what mistakes we may have learned and remembered from the past. This very ability is key to what makes us a unique species among creatures on this earth. â€Å"The mind is a terrible thing to waste†, the power and process of recallin g previously learned facts, experiences, impressions, skills and habits is not at all an easy attribute. So now the interesting question on how does the human memory work? Our memories are not stored in our brains as easily as you can click the save icon on a computer. They are actually reconstructions from elements scattered throughout various parts of the brain and are brought together. Memory is related to learning, which is defined as the process by which we our knowledge of the world and modify ourShow MoreRelatedMemory And The Psychodynamic Theory800 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts that I resonated with are Memory and the Psychodynamic theory. Starting with the Psychodynamic theory is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions, and how they may relate to early childhood experience. This theory is most closely associated with the work of Sigmund Freud, and with psychoanalysis, a type of psychotherapy that att empts to explore the patient’s unconscious thoughts and emotions so that the person is better ableRead MoreThe Information Processing Model ( Woolfolk And Margetts 2016 ) Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesin lecture and in Woolfolk and Margetts 2016), explain why you found the learning situation difficult. What strategies, drawn from the readings and lecture, would you now put in place to improve such a situation if you faced it again in the future. This essay will briefly describe a past academic learning experience that I found difficult. 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Top-down and Bottom-up processing Top-down processing as defined by the book is a stimulus processing that is determined by expectations, memory and knowledge rather than directly by the stimulus (Eysenck, 2012). A basicRead MoreEssay about Analyzing and Improving Multimodality in the Memory Artifact1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of my memory artifact is to argue that epic poetry is a form of memory representation used to portray the collective memory of a nation and a civilization. An Epic poem is a long narrative poem that deals with an event significant or important to a culture or nation. I believe my presentation was quite successful since I was able to get my message across and make a connection with the audience. 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I Am Uncomfortable With Verbal Expression Essay - 1158 Words

I am uncomfortable—uncomfortable with verbal expression, uncomfortable with the sentimental steam fuming from my soul, uncomfortable with the pressing worldwide and societal issues that pervade my mind, and uncomfortable with the stares of the disillusioned as I speak my perspective. I write when I am uncomfortable, in order to release frustration sculpted by the many stressors that seem to have me in their grasps. Prior to my development of routine introspection and, consequently, maturation, I wrote not to encapsulate my ever-growing discomfort towards life, but rather to gain praise and acknowledgement for my efforts in writing. Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, I sat on the floor of my kindergarten classroom criss-cross applesauce-style as my teacher, Mrs. Glickman, asked the class to write a short story and to provide an illustration to accompany it. With smudged and disorderly speckles of graphite sprawled across my paper, I managed to write a story in my signature chicken-s cratch handwriting. The story was relatively simple, about a girl who had thought she was a hideous monster until she looked into a river reflection and realized she was beautiful. I even drew (or attempted to draw) a beautiful girl for the second part of the assignment. At the next school assembly, Mrs. Glickman granted me a sky-colored paper, reading â€Å"Award of Recognition: Kiana Lucin, for her creative writing and exemplary drawing skills.† From this point on, I prided myself in writing, and excelledShow MoreRelatedVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication831 Words   |  4 Pageswhy not? 2. How has the use of the Internet and text messaging affected the verbal communication and nonverbal communication exchanged in relationships? 3. Describe a time when you or someone else used nonverbal gestures which made you or others feel uncomfortable. 4. 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Clinical Observation of Electroacupuncture

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Observation of Electroacupuncture. Answer: Introduction: To make a child study it is need to observe the behavior of the child regularly and make an analysis on them. For this reason, the researcher selects one number of student and his different behavior at different places as a sample for child study. The age of the sample student is 5 years. The behavioral data about the sample child is collected when he perform his activities in various places such as from house which belongs to a particular cultures, from schools, and from music classroom. Child behavior is the way which shows that how a child acts in any situation or how they react to that particular situation (Becker, 2012). Generally, the behavioral patterns are described from the activities of the surrounding people and sometimes also from books. Basically, the children are mostly influenced by the culture of the family and the disciplines maintained in the schools. First Name and Description of child observed The researchers select a child as a sample of their research. The name of that sample child is John. John is a school student. He is of 5 years old. According to the observation, it can be said that he is very active in nature and also has good communication ability. He has good IQ level at this age. He handles his situation very cleverly. When he played with his friends in the school, his act is observed by the observer towards his friends (Emanuel, 2014). At this level, the family member should appreciate him and help him to develop his IQ level. According to the observer, his cognitive characteristics are very strong. Rationale for observation At the time of observing the behavior of John, the sampler or observer should observe the physical characteristics, psychological or emotional characteristics, cognitive characteristics, spiritual characteristics and social characteristics of John (Knopf, 2015). The data about the child behavior are collected through many processes such as survey the characteristics or behavior of a child, , event sampling, time sampling, checklist, running record, etc. After surveying the researchers select a 5 years child, John, as their sample. As per (Fox, 2013) most of the hypothesis required a collection of unbiased data which are collected in a systematic way. Survey method The most important objective of this observational study is to observe how John is acting in different situation and in different places. By the help of this observation, the observer can also understand the theories and analyze the matter and can provide a narrative description of the entire research. The observations are all done in normal environment (Frankel, Gorospe, Chang, Sugar, 2010). According to Eriksons theory, the success and failure of a child is always depending on that particular social area which is given to them. At the time of observation, the observer noticed the changes in the cognitive development within the children behavior. At the time of observation on those selected sample children, the observers noticed that the children who are in an age group from 2 to 3 years can able to understand easy and simple instructions. However, John easily understands those simple instructions. He also understands which type of behaviors is appreciated and which are not. By the help of event sampling the observers can also able to understand the problems in the behavior of John. They collect some information from his caretaker who knows these problems closely. Event sampling method The event sampling method is totally depends on the psychological behavior of a child. In this sampling method the observer continuously records the events which happen in the consecutive time. As per (Hart Ksir, 2011) the observers also noticed that the children of age group from 4 to 5 years are able to think about the rules independently and also can discuss about the boundaries. By the help of this event sampling method the researchers can able to observe the psychological characteristics of John. Checklist The observer also uses checklist method. It is a list which consists of specific behavior in a logical order. The items in the checklist should be short, descriptive, positive, understandable, not judgmental, objective, not repeated, constructed equivalently and representative of the child behavior. By the help of this checklist the researcher can able to observe all types of items which they want to check within the behavior of john in different period of time at different places. Anecdotal records For analyzing the behavior of John, the observers also use the anecdotal records and running record to determine the reading behaviors of a student which is basically observed by the teachers. By the help of these pattern, the observers can find a significant strategies that how John make meanings of any words or any texts which he read. An anecdotal record is a type of observation which is done by the researchers to obtain short, objective and accurate data in the form of a short story about that sample child. In this record the researchers describe the incidents which are observed by them within that sample child on the basis of different time. Time sampling By utilizing the data which is collected by the help of time sampling, from the records which is taken at different times, the observers can also analyze the behavior of John at set of time. This type of observation basically related to the educational and psychological field of that particular child. According to Mary Ainsworth, some of the times the behavior of John is observed in a double way mirror. Generally, Albert Bandura uses this type of method to study the aggression behavior within the children. The social model of Dreikurs is basically based on four numbers of basic premises which are mentioned in Alders social theory. According to this theory, the child should be motivated about their society and their social responsibilities. A purpose should be provided to the behavior of a child. The immediate family should always help their child to make their decisions by own. Basically in this observation, the observer noticed the activity of John in a particular situation in a normal environment. Aim of observation The primary aim of the observation is find out the different behavior of the student at different places, especially in the classroom. Moreover, he paper reflects that the causes of the shouting of the child in the classroom. The aim of the study is to confirm actions and the behavior of the child within the classroom and what made him to shout. Moreover, the paper critically examines the change in the behavior of the child when he comes across different people and situations. The observation helps in revealing the different aspects of the child taken as the sample for the study and this helps in bringing out the desired fact related to the change in the behavior of the child. The understanding of the behavior of the child helps in guiding him with adequate measures as to enhance his personal skills. By the help of event sampling method the researchers observe the psychological characteristics of johns behavior. METHOD TIME SAMPLE PLACE CHILD BEHAVIOR Event sampling method 8.00 a.m. - Home The researchers observe that at home john remain very quiet and does not communicate too much with other family members. Checklist Time record in an interval of 10mins 9.00 a.m. School When he was at school he remains very active and his IQ level is also very good. In school he is always good in mathematics and in quiz competition. Johns behavior at the time of reading session in the school. John has a very good memory power. He can easily remind his subjects and also have great IQ level. Checklist is a list by the help of which the observer can able to observe the specific behavior of john in a logical order. The observer records the behavior of john in a time interval of 10mins. Anecdotal records 4.00 p.m. Church and 5.00n p.m. Music classroom A long span of time taken as their observation time to detect the reading ability of John However, when he goes to Church there he remain absolutely calm and quiet but does not talk with others so much. When John was on music classroom the observer found that he has least interest about music. Anecdotal records are used by the observers to determine the reading behaviors of a student which is basically observed by the teachers. The class teacher of John also observed some specific characteristics in Time sampling 10.00 a.m.- Play ground Records are take in different times at different places When he plays in playground there also he remains very active and very goodly communicate with his friends. The observers can also analyze the behavior of John at set of time. By the help of this observation, the observers basically observe the educational and psychological characteristics of Johns behavior. Some of the times the behavior of John is observed in a double way mirror. By the help of this method, the observers can able to study the aggression behavior within the character of John. References Becker, P. (2012). 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Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Knopf, A. (2015). Brief observation not adequate to detect autism risk in young children.The Brown University Child And Adolescent Behavior Letter,31(3), 3-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30025 Randall, H. (2011). Learning through child observation, second edition.Infant Observation,14(1), 107-110. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698036.2011.552676 Sourander, A., Lempinen, L., Brunstein Klomek, A. (2016). Changes in Mental Health, Bullying Behavior, and Service Use Among Eight-Year-Old Children Over 24 Years.Journal Of The American Academy Of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,55(8), 717-725.e2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.018 Wang, C., Shang, S., Wei, X. (2010). Clinical observation of electroacupuncture in combination with behavior therapy on child autism.Journal Of Acupuncture And Tuina Science,8(4), 230-232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11726-010-0414-z

I Search Rough Draft On Research Essay Example For Students

I Search Rough Draft On Research Essay 3-28-04 English The World Book Encyclopedia defines gangs as an informally organized group of people. It usually applies to a group of men or boys who do acts that are illegal or on the borderlines of being against the law. Although gangs may do things that are illegal and disrupt the public I think they do more than that. Gangs rip apart families, destroy friendships, vandalize the community, and kill people. Even though gangs do these evil accounts it cannot be stopped, and will not stop. The biggest problem that starts kids to have motives to be in a gang is discipline. Most of the kids that are in gangs are not disciplined enough so many of them think that they can get away with it easily. Is this true? Of course not. Statistics say that between forty and sixty percent of violent crimes and drug activity are responsible from gangs. Also in 1999 there has been eight hundred forty one gang related fatalities reported. These facts show that the kids that are in gangs do not have the discipline to care at all about their surroundings and just think of themselves. Another big problem that does cause these crimes are financing which has been related to the younger group of families than the older families. The younger group may have more financing issues but not by much. Twenty percent of the younger families vote that they do have problems because of this, while eighteen percent of those fifty and older said yes. This also has to do with the economic downturn also. During the 1990s while the economy has been booming the rate of all kinds of crime has been going down says David Curry, a professor at the University of Missouri at St. Louis. He also states that, The relationship between economics and crime is a very solid one. Former Pulaski County Coroner Steve Nawojczyk and is a nationally known gang expert, agrees that, when you have a downturn in the economy, crime goes up and that drugs are more prevalent in a poor economy. Steves most main concern is that if the economy dropping would cause community programs to lose funding and eventually disappear from the community. Which would further cause even more gang problems. Steve says that, I believes a gangs ability to recruit members is mainly due to poverty, calling those most eligible for gang life members of the ;5H Club,; teen-agers who are hungry, hopeless, homeless, hugless and helpless. Richard McCorkle, author of Panic: The Social Construction of the Street Gang Problem, states that this will not only affect gangs, but a more bigger problem. It would affect groups of men who dont have money or hope and cause them to start doing crimes to get money. The next thing that would cause gangs to continue and never be fully gone is the rivalry between gangs. Being that most of these gangs are in close distances of each other conflicts are most likely to happen. This would result in killing and lead to even more killing just over little things such as drugs and claiming land. These gangs keep trying the impossible going into extreme measures just to win even a gang war. These extreme activities that these gangs do also effect our economy in a sense that these gangs are making police departments use their budget to fight gang related crimes and other illegal events. Oakland Police Department is already ten million dollars over budget just to step up police enforcement efforts to reduce murder rates. These enforcements are set to target certain areas in Oakland known as hot spots, which are areas that have the most crime and drug activity. As of March 21st there has been already twenty deaths in Oakland just in 2004. In 2003 there has been 114 people killed and in 2003 113 people have been killed. This has made Oakland one of the highest places to have murder rates in the nation. Even though Oakland has gone over the budget, affecting the economy, they have to do so to keep gangs and other criminal activities under control because they do not have any other .