Diabetes Mellentus Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System, Medicine

Diabetes Mellentus Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System, Medicine Diabetes Mellentus Project Proposal My Independent Project is on Diabetes Mellitus, type1 Diabetes, or juvenile-onset diabetes. No matter what you call it, its all the same. Your pancreas has died and you have no other way to survive other than to inject insulin multiple times a day. I chose this project because I always enjoy learning more about the disease I got less than two years ago. Every year the teams of scientists from the Joslin clinic develop new ways to live with Diabetes. So far no one has invented a cure, but they are getting closer to finding it every year. People with Type I diabetes don't produce insulin and need regular shots of it to keep their blood glucose levels normal. Almost half the people with this type of diabetes are age 20 and younger. That's why Type I diabetes was once called juvenile-onset diabetes. But that name has been dropped because Type I diabetes also strikes young adults. People with diabetes have to give themselves shots multiple times throughout the day so they can monitor their blood sugar levels because their bodies cant do it on their own. Type1 diabetes can cause different problems if it is not properly taken care of. Hypoglycemia or low blood sugar; sometimes called an insulin reaction, occurs when blood sugar drops too low. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, occurs when blood sugar is too high, and can be a sign that diabetes is not well controlled. Ketoacidosis, or diabetic coma, is a very serious condition. This means there is too much sugar in the urinary tract. It occurs if your blood sugars are very high for a long period of time. This is fatal and can lead to future complications. Bibliography 1. jdfcure.com/NHAnnouncements5.htm Joslin Diabetes Foundation web page 2. renkausa.com/type1.htm Renka/ diabetes Home Page 3. medical-library.org./ Medical Library Online Textbook 4. Dr. Elizabeth Wallach, Joslin Clinic for Diabetes 5. Sondra Pozan

Internet E-mail essays

Internet E-mail essays THE ADOPTION AND USE OF E-MAIL THROUGH For many companies, the use of management information systems, in the form of the Internet, is a time of experimentation and exploration. In June 1991, the Internet jumped from 2,982 interconnected networks that supported 130,000 computers to more than 10,500 networks with more than eight million users. By 1998, the total number of users is expected to top more than 100 million. By far, the largest use of the Internet is electronic mail ("e-mail"). Included among the users are law firms, a profession that relies heavily on information and the availability of that information. Law firms, who are rarely consumers of new technologies and have traditionally been slow to grasp new technological innovations, have actually taken to the use of the Internet. The legal profession has specifically adopted the function of external e-mail. Although the legal field is an information-based enterprise, it has also remained a tradition bound profession where fewer than forty percent (40%) of lawyers have computers on their desks. It is a field that has always been slow to change its ways and take advantage of information technology. Attorneys are learning the potential uses of information technology to produce better, more accurate work and have realized that the failure to adopt this new technology can drive up expenses and drive away clients. In the 1990's, law firms began to use information technology to improve their efficiency and to increase their customer satisfaction and loyalty. In this age of instant communication, the legal field has been slow to respond and has often been out of touch with the needs of its many clients. Information technology will challenge what lawyers do with the information they possess and how to communicate this information to clients. Attorneys have always known that the art of communication, especially with their clients, has been the most vital aspect of...

4 Questions about autobiography, biography, diary and letter writing Essay

4 Questions about autobiography, biography, diary and letter writing - Essay Example This biography clearly brings out the man and his impact in the world, especially in terms of musical transformation (Guralnick, 2012). Autobiographies, on the other hand involve stories compiled about an individual’s life but written by those particular people (Jolly, 2013). These individuals narrate their life and times. The Autobiography of Malcolm  X  is a good example. This autography was first written in 1965 by Malcolm explaining his life since childhood, the death of his father to his life as a human rights activist (Malcolm, 2001). Delafield (2009) says that a diary is a record of events in someone’s’ life compiled in one document. Diaries may be compiled over a limited time period such as a year, week or even month. The author also notes that diaries are narrated by the specific subjects and are usually for those persons specifically as opposed to biographies, autobiographies or even letters (Delafield, 2009). Simply, diaries are daily journal of daily events, such as one’s thoughts, actions, moods or actions. Pepys’ diary is a valid example. This diary was kept from January 1660 and records his daily life for about ten years, his women, friends, and businesses. He also explains his insecurities, worries, and irritable relationship with his spouse (Pepys, 2010). Lastly, Delafield (2009) explains that letters are a form of communication that confidential, personal or private in nature. Letters are also defined as notes that are written to friends or families. Letters, as Delafield (2009) says must have a recipient. An emphasis on the Paston Letters would explain this. These letters entail a collection of notes that consist of the messages from the members of the Paston family. From the letters, one could easily trace the state papers and other vital documents that were compiled by that particular family (Gairdner, 2008). These letters were sent to various recipients who had an interest with the family. As seen in the

Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Papers - Essay Example The payment gateway used at the time of completion of an online transaction normally involves World Wide Web and some times even wider range of technologies. There are a few transactions for which there is no need of any physical labor like access to premium contents on a web site, being a paid member of some of the web group or library, transferring money from one bank account to another but most of the other transactions include transportation of goods in at least some way. Interesting terms like e-tail or e-tailer are used to define online retailers these days. Almost every bid retailer has a presence on the internet and even the websites comparing prices of same product that available online from different vendors are present for the ease and comfort of the consumer. Referred to as business-to-business or B2B and the other that is conducted between business and a consumer also called Business-to-consumer or B2C. In a B2B, there can be predefined business parties or arbitrary parties involved over the internet whereas B2C is primarily practiced The National Privacy Policy for Australia says that any organization must not collect data until and unless it is important for the smooth functioning of the organization. Ebay appears to be following most of the underlying principles of national privacy policy for the country including Use and Disclosure, Data Quality, Data Security, Access and Correction etc. but I felt that there are a few fields which may not be essential for the smooth functioning of the organization and thus therefore not in accordance with the privacy policy. For example a phone number is one such field that you need to enter while creation of the account on eBay and that you need to verify. If a person chooses not to verify his phone number then he is required to verify his credit card which is even more sensitive

Strategic Plan Initiative Essay Example for Free

Strategic Plan Initiative Essay Starbucks is a fast growing coffee distributor around the globe. Starbucks is challenged to manage its business with strategic initiatives. This paper will discuss the relationship between strategic and financial planning efforts of the Seattle-based barista and initiatives outlined in the latest annual report. Also, how these initiatives affect the organization’s financial planning and what risks are associated with the initiatives will be reviewed. Understandably, in the highly competitive market of supplying customers with the best coffee products calls for calculated strategic and financial planning. Strategic Vs. Financial Planning Starbucks began as a lone coffee shop in Seattle, Washington; just 40 years later, Starbucks is now a leading competitor of coffee confections around the world (Starbucks, 2012). Because the ultimate goal is to be the best supplier of good coffee to coffee enthusiasts, having strategic and financial plans in place is crucial, since one is the basis for the other. Strategic planning is the guide for which all financial planning will follow suit. A â€Å"strategic plan defines, in very general terms, how the firm plans to make money in the future† (Titman, Keown, Marin, 2011, p. 564). The strategic plan is the backdrop that drives and guides financial planning. â€Å"Financial planning is all about allocating finite resources such as money, employees and equipment over time, to reach the broad goals set out in strategic planning. To do so involves measuring current performance against past data and trends for the future† (Boone, 2013, para. 3). There are four key compo nents to developing a financial plan which engages many different players. The four steps are: collect historical financial data, identify trends, adjust projections, and revise estimates (Titman, Keown, Marin, p. 564, 2011). But strategists cannot forget that financial planning can be divided into two components, short and long term planning. Long term planning is typically three to five years, whereas short term looks only one year ahead. Starbucks outlines both short and long strategic planning initiatives each year in annual reports and in turn gives the public and stakeholders the short and long term company initiatives. Starbucks Strategic Planning Initiatives and Financial Effects Starbucks has a number of creditors, investors, shareholders, and all around stakeholders that have a vested interest in viewing the success and vision of the company regularly. The latest annual report, 2011, speaks to these initiatives in great detail, outlining the successes and risks of chosen strategic path. According to the Starbucks Annual Report 2011, (2011), the c ompany â€Å"reported the highest annual revenue ever: $11.7 billion† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 1). Clearly, the Starbucks leaders and family are doing something right, and most assuredly, the strategic initiatives are working. One key initiative was to increase earnings per share and return millions to shareholders; not an easy task given the troubled economy in the United States. Starbucks â€Å"ended fiscal 2011 with record earnings per share of $1.62, up 31 percent from last year’s $1.24 per share. Through share repurchases and dividends, we returned approximately $945 million to shareholders, more than doubling the amount returned in fiscal 2010† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 3). According to Titman, Keown, Marin (2011), one key principal of the valuation of investment opportunities is made available through cash flows (p. 333). Looking at the cash flows data from 2010 to 2011, Starbucks decreased approximately $.1 billion cash flows from operations and increased capital expenditures by approximately $92 million (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, p. 21, 2012). Starbucks actively manages these as short-term investments. Another feather in the Starbucks cap is payment of cash dividends to shareholders. In 2011, $.13 per share totaling $390 million was paid (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, p. 21, 2012). Studies have shown that use of cash in this manner, paying cash dividends and share repurchases, has grown significantly from stating that â€Å"the proportion of firm earnings distributed through both approaches has grown from about 40% in the 1970s to near 80% by 2000† (Titman, Keown, Marin, 2011, p. 537). These Initiatives of this nature can affect the organization’s financial planning lending better cash revenues and fiscal statistics. More specifically, reducing the number of stocks increases the earnings per share. This was evident with the price per share increase of $.38 per share from 2010 to 2011, as noted above. However, companies cannot operate without caution; risks are associated with every financial planning endeavor and the initiative to pay out millions to shareholders is not without exception. Risks associated with the initiative. When conducting financial risk management, leadership and financial planners cognizant of market risks associated with the financial planning efforts and the long term effects of these short term goals. â€Å"Market risk is defined as the risk of losses due to changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, equity security prices, and interest rates† (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, 2012, p. 37 ). Companies today must closely monitor market trends and risks alike. Starbucks is no exception, and significantly due to its dealings overseas and across varied currency rates and cultures. Although, market risks are not key player when discussing cash dividends and share repurchases. The main risk here is the long term impact of the payout strategy. It is commonly believed that just increasing earnings per share does not necessarily mean company success. â€Å"Companies shouldnt confuse the value created by returning cash to shareholders with the value created by actual operational improvements; moreover, a companys fixation on buybacks might come at the cost of investments in its long-term health† (Dobbs Rehm, 2005, para. 1, 3). Management must understand the pitfalls of creative financing and keep the benefits to shareholders as a key focus and paramount for longevity. Conclusion The Starbucks Corporation is committed to profiteering with short term investments and long term focus to remain competitive. Starbucks understands the relationship between strategic and financial planning and many initiatives are outlined in every annual report. In particular, the financial planning was clearly defined by a number of incentives, and the incentive to utilize cash flows to return a substantial allocation to shareholders and reduce shares through share buybacks created success story for the company. The coffee market is not without major competitors, however, the strategic vision, financial planning, and monitoring of financial risks allows Starbucks to not only stay afloat, but lead the coffee frontier. References Boone, B. (2013). What’s the difference between strategic and financial planning? Retrieved from http://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/financial-planning/strategic-and-financial-planning.htm Dobbs, R. Rehm, W. (2005, August). The value of share buybacks. McKinsey Quarterly. Retrieved from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_value_of_share_buybacks_1630 Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report. (2012). Retrieved from http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518p=irol-irhome Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Marin, J.D. (2011). Financial management: Principles and applications (11th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Political Allegory In The Book Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Political Allegory In The Book Animal Farm "Ideas play a part in any revolution, conflicting ideas is main reason why Revolutions happens. " This is the platform that George Orwell used in his book " Animal Farm". The political allegory in the story is mocking the Revolution that changed "Russia" into the "USSR". This was the workings of Karl Marx. Marx was known for being politically inspired by one idea. Marx wanted it to be that one class, the working class, and against another class, the rich or higher class. The Revolution was started by men who believed with Karl Marx's theory that the history of the world was the history of a struggle between classes between oppressors and oppressed. This happened in the book "Animal Farm by George Orwell" Orwell uses this example to base his book on. He makes the characters personify the major players in the Russian Revolution. Orwell uses this to form a well written piece of literature. In "Animal Farm" The Democratic society led by Mr. Jones the original leader of Manor Farm was overthrown by a policy called Animalism. Animalism was a theory concocted by the Old Major a Pig. In "Animal Farm" the pigs were personified as the smartest and the best among animals. The Pigs take control of the farm. The two major idealists Snowball and Napoleon have conflicting ideas. These ideas break snowball away from the rest of the group and make him leave Animal Farm. This lets Napoleon have total control. They set up a set of rules called the seven commandments. In the beginning everyone followed these rules such as no animal may kill another animal, no animal is better than another animal. This makes the leader Napoleon want to break the rules so he makes him and his fellow pigs more special, eating all the good food, wearing clothes, living in the farmhouse, and not working. As for the other animals big or small get the same rations of food, are not allowed to wear clothes, had to live in the barn, and were overworked. Marx, like other socialist thinkers of the 19th century, denounced the cruel injustices of industrial capitalist society as he saw it. He had a vision of ending "the exploitation of man by man" and establishing a classless society, in which all people would be equal. The only means to this end, he thought, was a revolution of the exploited (the proletariat) against the exploiters (the bourgeoisie), so that workers would own the means of production, such as the factories and machinery. This revolution would set up a

Questions for Exam 3

1) social control theory is traced to the 18 th century work of which theorist? 2)social control theorist ask which theoretical question? 3) beccaria's social control theory argues individuals are? 4) Ivan Nye introduced which ideal to social control theories? 5) according to Nye ___refers to rules and Norms that are instilled in conscience as children 6) social control theories argue deviance is a caused by? ) things to keep students busy after school exhibit which of the four components to Hirschi's social bond theory 8)Hirschi's argument that juveniles who enter adulthood too soon, are more likely to become deviant which form of social bond does this support? 9) when deviance is perceived to not cause injury or harm to anyone it is which technique of neutralization? 10) which theorist introduced techniques of neutralization to social control theories? 11)techniques if neutralization are used in order to? 2)according to Sykes techniques if neutralization Robin Hoods behavior of ste aling from the rich to give to the poor is justified and neutralized through which technique? 13) which if the following are not examples of victimless deviance include? 14) which additions to social control theories would examine the different levels of control placed on boys and girls in particular households as affecting deviance? 15) according to the power control theory ___ constitutes the primary agents of socialization in the family 16) which theory is designed to predict all behaviors beyond criminal and or delinquent? 7)the general theory of crime argues what about self control and stability? 18) which theorist explains the stages and trajectories of deviance of life course theories 19) which of the following is not a component of life course theory in theorizing a lesser likely hood of deviance? 20) life course theories examine and primarily focus on the social bonds between? 21) which of the following are labels found in high schools 22) which theoretical orientation exam ines the social meaning of deviance through labels and how people are understood and defined through such stereotypes 23) symbolic interactionism is a ___level perspective 4) what is key in defining deviance? 25) according to labeling theorists which of the following statements are true? 26) _____is a status imposed on an individual or a group which may or may not be related to actual rule breaking 27) labeling theorists ask which of the following questions 28) which labeling theorist examined police contact and juvenile delinquency, in which he argued the contact may over dramatize relatively common acts of deviance? 9) _____ deviance is when common violations of the norms occur and the identity of a deviant is not developed 30) ____ deviance is when deviant behavior occurs as a means of defense, attack or adjustment by a label and reactions to labels already developed 31) which labeling theorist introduced primary and secondary deviance to this orientation 32) a ____ status refers to the status that shapes perception and behavior of those around you and is considered the most important status 33) which of the following ways does labeling lead to secondary deviance? 4) which type of deviant act is considered residual rule breaking? 35) residual rule breaking is a form of what type of deviance? 36) which of the following are major findings in the roughnecks and saints study? 37) which of the following theorists introduced the ideas of intergravity shame and stigmatization effects of labeling in his piece crime, shame and reintegration? 38) ___ is when an individual is viewed as a good person but they have just committed a bad deed. 9)which theorist found mental illness stigmas or consequential and negatively affect those with a mental illness life 40) labeling theorists would argue that which of the following policy implications 41) ____ theories would study cooperation's and the human suffering corporate action and power struggle cause to society 42) which th eoretical orientation examines the social construction of deviance by deconstructing conflicting groups and discourse of attitudes, legal rights, implications of change etc.? 43) conflict and Marxist theories are _____ perspectives 4) what type of economic system are Marxist and conflict theorist critical of 45) according to conflict theorists which of the following statements is true? 46) ____ theorists argue revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system 47) _____ theorists argue reform rather than revolutionary overthrow 48) which Marxist theorist wrote communist manifesto? 49) __ and ___ theories recognize conflicts exist especially in capitalist societies and it arises from power 50) which Marxist theory argued capitalist conflict is divisonary meaning it is designed to keep workers focused on issues promoting division competition and is vs. them mentalies

Effect of Text Messaging on Teen Age Students

SINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT A Study on impact of text messaging on teen age students Prepared by Rambhu kumar(11) Komal jaiswal(15) Pankaj kakani(17) Sukirti keswani(18) Nitin maske(19) Introduction 1 See it? Hear it? Take it! This is still the mantra of many schools across the country that succinctly summarizes the policy concerning cell phones in schools; in essence, they are banned. Yet, most teenagers are nearly inseparable from their cell phones, not because they are constantly talking, but because they are connecting with their friends through text messaging.As a phenomenon, this was originally unprecedented and unpredicted, especially because text messaging capabilities were designed strictly for mobile phone companies to communicate with their customers. Teenagers, digital natives born into a world rich in technology who take ubiquitous computing for granted, tend to lead the way with most technologies, and text messaging is no differen t. The popularity of text messaging has placed people in positive and negative situations. On the positive side, text messaging is utilized as a source of information and reminders.Even the parents get to learn about it from their kids’ . Whereas on the negative side, teenagers are easily distracted at school. Instead of paying attention in classes, students are texting away. I've seen this happen a lot in college. Especially in high schools, this leads to falling grades, and poor report cards. Some kids are up late messaging their friends, which experts believe could have a significant impact on sleep. What are some of the effects that texting is having on teen age students?That is the question that our group explores in this paper. We conduct surveys and take a look at scholarly and periodical articles, looking to find some of the effects that the modern day texting phenomenon is causing. We examine the impacts that texting is making on our language and writing skills, the impacts on teenagers and their social lives, and the dangers of texting and driving. Review of Literature2,3 Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines and both scholarly and popular media, we examine two questions: 1.How are teenagers using text messaging in their everyday lives? 2. How can text messaging be used in educational settings? Mode of Inquiry Modern cellular phones have countless applications that allow them to act not only as mobile phones but also as music, video, and game players, cameras, global positioning systems, and devices that provide access to the Internet and a host of applications. For this particular analysis, the focus is strictly on teenagers and young adults (ages 11- 21) using the short message service (SMS), or text messaging capabilities.It does not include the use of SMS to post to Facebook, Twitter, or other social networking sites, as that would require the receiver to have access to Internet to read such messages or post replies. Teen Use of Text Messaging Reasons for Use Teenagers have adopted text messaging as their primary form of text-based communication, preferring it even over e-mail (Lenhart, 2009); there are several reasons for the popularity of text messaging. First, it is quicker; adolescents have found that by texting, they can forego the normal chit-chat involved in phone conversations.One teen stated that even for a quick question, you’d have to go through the niceties of greetings and spend time talking about other things (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Text messaging is also cheaper, because messages are generally charged by the message, not the word count. In contrast, the cost of a phone conversation varies as it is charged by the minute. Also, the location of sender/receiver does not affect the charge. Many teenagers pay their own mobile phone bills, and pay-as-you-go plans allow them to budget more accurately (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Finally, many teens state that text messaging is more co nvenient.Phones can be switched to silent mode, so they do not disturb others, and allows texting to be done surreptitiously and away from parents or teachers (Grinter ; Eldrige, 2001). E-mail is the preferred mode of communication for school or work, but when teenagers want something that is fast, immediate, and can be done anywhere – texting is preferred (Lev-Ram, 2006). For teenagers, the cell phone is almost always with the person, so it is constantly accessible. Being small and silent, the cell phone is easily transported and used furtively under the supervision of authority, as compared to email, which requires a computer (Thurlow, 2003).Many teenagers have reported that they share a computer with family members or that it is in a common area of the home so instant messaging and email can be observed (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). In addition, because the phone displays both text and sender, the user can choose when and if to respond to a message and has time to compose an appropriate response. Girls, in particular, often invite others to help them compose their responses (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005).Reid and Reid (2004) have also theorized that another part of the attractiveness of texting is the visual anonymity it seems to afford, especially for socially anxious people, as the texter does not need to see/hear the recipient. In addition, it provides almost perpetual contact for those who are lonely. Lohnes Watulak (2010), drawing on the work of Thurlow (2003) and Clark (2005), sites the desire for constant contact as a significant reason for undergraduate students to text during class, even if they acknowledge that that texting is rude and the content is trivial. Need for studyWith general overview of today’s society, cell phones are becoming a modern day necessity among teenagers. The reason why they are in so much demand is because of text messaging which is the most popular mode of communication these days. The need to study this particular t opic is to find out the impact of this mode of communication on teenagers, both positive and negative. And also to see whether it is actually a necessity or just a trend which is followed because of its popularity. In this research we are also going analyse the future impacts of text messaging on teenagers.How mobile companies are using the increased use of text messaging to their advantage is also discussed in this research project. Statement of problem There have been many ill effects on education pattern of students, because of these text messaging phenomena. The institutions are finding it hard to cope with this habit of teenagers as it is leading to a lot of distraction and also parents are worried because of falling grades of their kids. The biggest issue of all is that student are not ready to detach themselves from their mobile phone.That’s why even if institutes and parents come up with a solution to the problem, it is next to impossible to implement it. Objectives 1 . To understand the habits of teenage students regarding text messaging. 2. The impact of text messaging on the text messaging on teenage students (positive and negative). 3. To understand and analyze the usage of mobile phones during class hours. 4. To understand the extent to mobile usage for communication among teen age students. 5. To understand whether prefer normal messaging or online messaging. Hypothesis . Teen age students knows about various applications used for messaging. 2. Text messaging has various effects on teen age groups. Research Design and Methodology4 Sampling Design Sampling is process of taking sample from large population. We have design questionnaire and on the basis of this questionnaire we have collected the data from school and colleges. Sources and Methods of Data collection We prepared a questionnaire containing total of 14 questions in definite order. The teenagers have to give answers of questions of questionnaire. 100 tudents from a Sinhgad Institut e were used as participants in this research. These participants were selected randomly. Methods of Analysis and Statistical Tools We have collected data from 100 samples and used chi-square method, SPSS software, excel. Facts and finings Q. 1) you communicate with your friends and known people by 1) Text messaging 2) Messaging through net 3) Messaging through landline 4) Call through mobile 1) 36% 2) 30% 3) 4% 4) 30% Q. 2) How frequently you communicate with mobile messaging? 1) Daily 2) Sometime 3) One’s in week 4) One’s in month 5) No ) 47% 2) 33% 3) 6% 4) 5% 6) 9% Q. 3) How often you recharge your message packs? 1) One’s in week 2) One’s in month 3) Twice in month 4 ) Others 5)No 1) 15% 2) 40% 3) 17% 4) 13% 5) 15% Q. 4) Are you satisfied with your mobile text messaging for effective communication with your friend circle? 1) Fully satisfied 2) Less satisfied 3) Moderate 4) No 1) 47% 2) 14% 3) 24% 4) 15% Q. 5) Do you enjoy text messaging communication t hrough mobile phone? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 6) Do you keep sending messaging even during class hours? ) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 4) Only in emergency 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 7) Do you think it is good to use mobile phone during class hours? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 8) Does your school allow use of mobile phones generally? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 43% 2) 9% 3) 48% Q. 9) According to you what are the advantages of text messaging? 1) Sharing information 2) Cheaper way of communication 3) Quick way of communication 4) No effect 1) 26% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 4% Q. 10) According to you what are the disadvantages of text messaging? )Spelling mistakes ; Grammatical mistake 2) Copying 3) Morphing 4) Wastage of time due to messaging 5) Sometime effect on IQ level 6) No effect 7) Others if any(Specify)- 1) 34% 2) 27% 3) 15% 4) 7% 5) 7% 6) 10 Q. 11) Does it disturb your concentration during classrooms? 1) Fully 2) Partly 3 ) Not at all 1) 14% 2) 40% 3) 46% Q. 12) Does it affect your study after school hours 1) Fully 2) Partly 3) Not at all 1) 23% 2) 19% 3) 58% Q. 13) According to you which mobile operator is popular? 1) Vodafone 2) Airtel 3) Idea 4) Others (Specify)- 1) 41% 2) 20% 3) 18% 4)21 Q. 4) during which time you prefer to text? 1) Some specific time 2) Spare time 3) before class hours 4) After class hours 5) every time 1) 35% 2) 22% 3) 4% 4)7% 5)32% Scope and Limitation of the study Significant research has been conducted on text messaging among teen age students of SIT and how their personal as well as school life is affected because of it. We also analysed negative effect on teenagers and to what extent it has done bad to students. Further we studied about some positive effects of texting and how it helped them knowledge sharing and cost savings. 1. What role does and should text messaging have in school? . What impact does long term use of texting have on youth literacies? 3. Can text messa ging increases student’s reading and writing abilities in ways not currently addressed through traditional means? 4. Can text messaging reminders increases student participation and achievement without aggravating the already prevalent digital device and teacher workloads? 5. If cell phones become an accepted educational tool like calculators, will the dire predictions of increased distraction and poor language use come true or will cell phones become as common-place as overhead projectors and what are the implications of this? ConclusionCell phones have become a modern day necessity, to the point that they are a must have for every teenager. Teenagers are getting increasingly attached to these devices, depending on them more and more for their communication with their friends or family. About 80% of teenager’s text on a daily basis. Many of the people I surveyed  received their first phone between the ages 11- 15. They also started texting as  young as 11 and as o ld as 17. Teens have created a whole new language through  texting which researchers refer to as short message service (SMS) language or  texts. Everyday  students are adding words to the language.Some of the SMS language some believe texting has a negative effect, positive effect, or does not have an effect at  all. Through our research we analysed that texting had some impact like students could share information and other important notices. Also it has proved to be a less expensive mode of communication and parents also got to learn from their kids. Whereas there are numerous negative effects like the grammar of the students is affected to a great extent. Also students have started using short forms for words to save space and time. Another big risk is Morphing and sending unwanted pictures of girls which leads to big scandals.It has even lead to bad psychological impact on students. Irrespective of above mentioned effects students find it very important these days to hav e a cell phone and to them it is more of a blessing then a curse. Bibliography 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teen_Age_Message 2. http://www. academia. edu/1156350/Text_Messaging_and_Teenagers_A_Review_of_the_Literature 3. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/literature-review-on-the-effect-of-text-messaging-on-literacy-skill-page1. html 4. C. R. Kothari Research methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd edition, New age international publishers.

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour The WritePass Journal

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour Introduction Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour IntroductionElements of marketingHow sales messages are presented through AdvertisementsBehavioral targeting and the psychology of marketingResearch on factors affecting Consumer BehaviorModels used for influencing Consumer BehaviorConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Advertising used properly is a major tool in the hands of marketing managers which helps enable them to sell products, services and ideas. The idea is to sell products to the consumers.   This has been proved by the fact that companies are investing a lot of time and resources into developing ad campaigns for their products Advertising has gone through many phases. The first era was production-oriented.   Here mass production was seen as a means to selling products by pumping in huge volumes into the market place. As a result demand exceeded supply; hence there was no need to advertise products (Holt, D,1983). They sold themselves. However with the passing of time and due to rising competition, surplus goods were available. As a result of this companies were required to sell their products using a sales oriented mechanism. This typically involved pitching in their products, highlighting their USP’s, so as to convince customers to buy their products rather than their competitors. As a result products became de linked to the volumes in which they were being produce (Belk, Russell.1974). To better approach the problem of selling companies tried many techniques. These techniques combined with the support activities of marketing can be called as advertising. Advertising has been considered important since the time when trade started, then was the time for advertising by mouth, now we have different media platforms for the same purpose. But still the traditional word of mouth holds the best appeal in respect to all advertising platforms. In its initial phases advertising was limited in both time and space. Broadcast commercials are generally 10 to 60 seconds in length. Print ads are generally no larger than two pages, and often much smaller. Advertising therefore needed to do its job in an effective manner. Its primary tasks were to capture the consumers attention, identify itself as being aimed at meeting the needs of that consumer, identifying the product, and delivering the selling message. Elements of marketing Marketing generally consist of advertisements to the target audience. This is in the form of: 1. Copy This consists of words, either spoken or printed that carry a message thereby helping the reader to form an opinion about the subject. 2.   Illustrations Copies can be augmented with the use of pictures, photographs or diagrams. The aim here is to convince the reader to buy the product. Most ads have a mixture of copy and illustration, in size and scope, depending upon how the advertiser wants to convey his sales message. It also depends upon the nature of advertising and the budget for advertising. How sales messages are presented through Advertisements There are two basic ways of presenting a sales message: intellectually and emotionally. An intellectual presentation depends on logical, rational argument so as to convince a consumer to buy the product or service. For example, for many television purchasers, buying doesnt depend on what the case looks like or what effect the machine might have on their social life. What theyre looking for is technical information, what is its resolution, whether it has HDMI, whether it supports USB functionality. The most important part is that of the sales message. This message must encapsulate all the benefits, features of the product and capture all the unique benefits that a consumer might have if he purchases this product vise vie the competitors product. The second basic way to present a sales message is emotionally. In an emotional presentation, here there is a concentration on other aspects of the consumers bundle of values: social, psychological, economic. Here they are clubbed together with core bundle of values. For example, the presentation shows how the product or service enhances the audiences social life by improving their snob value or self-esteem, or how it will increase their earning power. Behavioral targeting and the psychology of marketing Model for buying behavior: Sandhusen, Richard L.: Marketing (2000, S. 218) Decision making plays a huge role in the purchase behavior of consumers. Behavioral marketing can be used to target consumer segments based on the following parameters: 1. Individual factors These include intrinsic factors such as personality, lifestyle, age and income of the individual. 2. Group Influencers These include all those factors that inadvertently help an individual identify himself with a certain class or standing in the society. These could include peer groups, friends, family and culture. 3. Physical environment Factors such as geographical proximity, location climate etc, which vary from place to place. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how Consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives i.e. brands, products, and retailers. The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions. Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome. How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer? How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer? Research on factors affecting Consumer Behavior Based on P. Kotler’s framework for consumer buying process The advent of technology has helped us in mapping the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. These can be grouped as: What brand in a given product category was bought during the last, or a series of past, purchase occasions Whether, and if so, how many times a consumer has seen an ad for the brand in question Whether the target brand   is on sale during the store visit Whether any brand had preferential display space The impact of income and/or family size on purchase patterns Relationship marketing has come up in a big way in influencing consumer behavior. Relationship managers have come to symbolize the increasingly blurred line between marketing and selling by establishing a purchase-exchange process with a by providing a more holistic, personalized purchase, and uses the experience to create stronger ties (Young, Charles E,2002). Other major factor that contributes in consumer buying behavior is: Market segmentation A market segment is a sub-set of a market made up of people or organizations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar product and/or services based on qualities of those products such as price or function. A true market segment meets all of the following criteria: it is distinct from other segments (different segments have different needs) (P. Kotler, 2003), it is homogeneous within the segment (exhibits common needs); it responds similarly to a market stimulus, and it can be reached by a market intervention. Models used for influencing Consumer Behavior Advertising models used for co relating consumer buying behavior and advertising use the following variables as part of their studies. Depending on the type of model used, these variables are assigned different weight ages, which are ultimately used to compute the final result. Stage Dependent variable of interest Typical model used for research Need Arousal Purchase (category choice) Purchase   timingBinary choice models  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Awareness (aided/ unaided) Consideration revoked set Choice set Belief dynamicsIndividual awareness models Consideration models  Ã‚  Ã‚  EvaluationProduct perceptions Product preferencesPerceptual mapping/ multidimensional scaling model Attitude models: Compensatory Non-compensatoryPurchaseBrand choice Store choice Quantity choiceDiscrete choice models Hierarchical modelsPost PurchaseBrand satisfaction/satiation Word-of-mouthSatisfaction models Variety-seeking models Communications network From John H. Roberts and Gary L. Lilien: Explanatory and Predictive Models of Consumer Behavior The most common of the models listed above consist of the following: 1. Preference formulation basis Beliefs about products (perceptions) can be measured directly by asking consumers how much of a feature they perceive a certain product to contain, or they can be inferred, by asking consumers how similar certain products are and then inferring what discriminates between different products (Bass, Frank M, 1973). Here the strategy is to align the consumer preferences with that which is being offered by the company. 2. Compensatory/ Evaluation model In a compensatory model, the weakness of a brand or product on one dimension can be compensated for by strength on another, and those strengths or weaknesses are combined to determine an attitude toward the brand (Bhagat and Jagdish N. Sheth 1974). In non-compensatory models, usually only a small number of attributes (two or three. say) are wed to evaluate a brand, and shortcomings on one attribute cannot be overcome by favorable levels of another. Here products are complemented against one another so as to augments each other’s strengths and cancel out their weaknesses. 3. Model of awareness Once a consumer recognizes a need, he enters a state of heightened awareness in which he seeks more information about brands or products that could satisfy that need. Evaluation and brand choice take place based on the information resulting from this search. Here the main goal is to make the maximum number of target audience aware about the product and its offerings. 4. Satisfaction models The modeling of consumer satisfaction is based on the confirmation / disconfirmation paradigm. Confirmation occurs when the consumers perception of how the product performs after purchase matches the expectation the consumer had prior to purchase. Positive disconfirmation occurs when product performance exceeds expectations; negative expectations occur when the product falls below expectations (Stuart, Ewen, 2005). Here we try to find out if the product is fulfilling the need gap perceived by the customer and what is offered by the company in the form of its product offering. 5. Brand Attitudinal model The model proposed attempts to predict behavioral intention toward a particular brand within a product class across situations. The situational variables included consider the conditions necessary for a particular situation to affect the choice of a particular brand. The individual must first encounter the situation and then the product must be suitable for use in that particular situation. If these conditions are met, the likelihood of the individual using a particular brand in a situation can be assessed. Here emphasis is given to the consumer preference or non-preference of a certain brand, compared to its competitors 6. Innovation diffusion model Diffusion is the process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market. The rate of diffusion is the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. Adoption is similar to diffusion except that it deals with the psychological processes an individual goes through, rather than an aggregate market process. In economics it is more often named technological change Conclusion In a field as vast and diffuse as that of consumer behavior and consumer markets, it is difficult to develop a single best synthesis. We have drawn from developments in the literature of the behavioral sciences, economics, marketing, statistics, and the like and have categorized according to the stage or stages in the decision process to which those developments appear most applicable. Previous models overlap these processes and stages but this integrating framework provides a useful way of organizing this large, diverse literature. Most of the models and theories postulated above have been able to identify many cognitive, intensive and psychological factors which eventually go into the buying process for any individual. These are such as Purchase Awareness, Belief dynamics, Product perceptions, Product preferences, Brand choice, Store choice and Quantity choice. The future of consumer behavior modeling is bright; newer models are richer, more flexible, and more closely attuned to modern data sources. Yet many phenomena are poorly model at the moment. Many modern areas such as modeling consumer purchase heuristics, modeling consumers psychological processes, matching models to market segment, and modeling preferences can serve as fruitful areas that deserve intensive attention in the future. And so we can say with far more probability and accuracy that advertising do affect consumer behavior and also helps us to register our brand in their subconscious or conscious minds thereby helping the organization boost sales. References   Bass, Frank M. The Theory of Stochastic Preference and Brand Switching, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (February 1974), 1-20. Belk, Russell W. An Exploratory Assessment of Situational Effects in E, Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (May 1974), 156-163. Belk, Russell W. The Objective Situation as a Determinant of Consumer Behavior, Proceedings. Fifth Annual Conference, Association of Consumer Research, Chicago, 1974, forthcoming. Bhagat, Rabi S., P.S. Raju, and Jagdish N. Sheth (1974), The Prediction of Buying Intentions: A Comparative Study of the Predictive Efficacy Attitudinal Models,† New Orleans, Louisiana. Clark, Eric, The Want Makers, Viking, 1988 Young, Charles E., The Advertising Handbook, Ideas in Flight, Seattle, WA April 2005 Holt, D. (2002) Why Brands Cause Trouble? A dialectical theory of Consumer Culture and Branding in Journal of Consumer Research, June 2002 Lees, Loretta, (1998) Urban Renaissance and the Street in Nicholas R. Stuart, Ewen., (2005) Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture, Basic Books Williamson, Judith (1994): Decoding Advertisements (Ideas in Progress), Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd Wernick, Andrew (1991) Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression Klein, Naomi. (2000) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. New York: Picador Duane C. S. and Nerone, John C, (2007) Freedom from Advertising Cook, Guy (2001 2nd edition) The Discourse of Advertising, London: Routledge Graydon, Shari (2003) Made You Look How Advertising Works and Why You Should Know, Toronto: Annick Press

How to Make a Red Cabbage pH Indicator

How to Make a Red Cabbage pH Indicator Make your own pH indicator solution! Red cabbage juice contains a natural pH indicator that changes colors according to the acidity of the solution. Red cabbage juice indicators are easy to make, exhibit a wide range of colors, and can be used to make your own pH paper strips. Introduction to the Cabbage pH Indicator Red cabbage contains a pigment molecule called flavin (an anthocyanin). This water-soluble pigment is also found in apple skin, plums, poppies, cornflowers, and grapes. Very acidic solutions will turn anthocyanin a red color. Neutral solutions result in a purplish color. Basic solutions appear in greenish-yellow. Therefore, it is possible to determine the pH of a solution based on the color it turns the anthocyanin pigments in red cabbage juice. The color of the juice changes in response to changes in its hydrogen ion concentration. pH is the -log[H]. Acids will donate hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution and have a low pH (pH 7). Materials You Will Need Red cabbageBlender or knifeBoiling waterFilter paper (coffee filters work well)One large glass beaker or another glass containerSix 250 mL beakers or other small glass containersHousehold ammonia (NH3)Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3)Washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3)Lemon juice (citric acid, C6H8O7)Vinegar (acetic acid, CH3COOH)Cream of tartar (Potassium bitartrate, KHC4H4O6)Antacids (calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide)Seltzer water (carbonic acid, H2CO3)Muriatic acid or masonrys cleaner (hydrochloric acid, HCl)Lye (potassium hydroxide, KOH or sodium hydroxide, NaOH) Procedure Chop the cabbage into small pieces until you have about 2 cups of chopped cabbage. Place the cabbage in a large beaker or other glass container and add boiling water to cover the cabbage. Allow at least ten minutes for the color to leach out of the cabbage.Alternatively, you can place about 2 cups of cabbage in a blender, cover it with boiling water, and blend it.Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish colored liquid. This liquid is at about pH 7. The exact color you get depends on the pH of the water.Pour about 50 - 100 mL of your red cabbage indicator into each 250 mL beaker.Add various household solutions to your indicator until a color change is obtained. Use separate containers for each household solution - you dont want to mix chemicals that dont go well together! Red Cabbage pH Indicator Colors pH 2 4 6 8 10 12 Color Red Purple Violet Blue Blue-Green Greenish Yellow Tips and Safety This demo uses acids and bases, so please make certain to use safety goggles and gloves, particularly when handling strong acids (HCl) and strong bases (NaOH or KOH).Chemicals used in this demo may be safely washed down the drain with water.A neutralization experiment could be performed using cabbage juice indicator. First, add an acidic solution such as vinegar or lemon juice until a reddish color is obtained. Then add baking soda or antacids to return the pH towards a neutral 7.You can make your own pH paper strips using red cabbage indicator. Take filter paper (or coffee filter) and soak it in a concentrated red cabbage juice solution. After a few hours, remove the paper and allow it to dry (hang it by a clothespin or string). Cut the filter into strips and use them to test the pH of various solutions. To test a sample, place a drop of liquid on the test strip. Dont dip the strip in the liquid or else youll get cabbage juice in it. An example of a basic solution is laundry soap. E xamples of common acids include lemon juice and vinegar.

Clinical supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical supervision - Essay Example afterwards, in order to analyze it"(Goldhammer 1969)Four years after Goldhammer outlined his model for clinical supervision, Cogan did an analysis of Goldhammer's work and with the assistance of supervisors of teachers at Harvard University, Cogan adopted his own Clinical Supervision model, albeit it has three more steps than the pioneering model, the minor variance in the number of steps does not water down or conflict in concept. Cogan, however, does exhibit some flexibility as he offers, "certain phases may be omitted or altered, or new procedures instituted, depending upon the successful development of the working relationship between the supervisor and the teacher"(Cogan 1973 10-12). The fact that an allowance is kept alive for the possible retrofitting of a model, is an extremely salient point; because one might not always be successful in keeping the practice and theory diversities at a minimum, therefore adjustment might be necessary in both the model and its presentation.A third model was designed by Acheson & Gall (1987), this model possesses only three steps; planning conference; observation and feedback conference. The Peer Assistance and Review states that, "The clinical Supervision concept is intended to be a cyclic process. This implies that the supervision process is not a one time "drop in" event, but rather, the teacher and the supervisor will work together through a series of cycles to enhance the teachers abilities"(PAR) Anderson & Krajewsk i(1993 pp 175-176), are working on a similar flexible plane as Cogan as they maintain, "teachers are not compelled to follow a sequential order, "they can cut them to suit the situations in which they find...Goldhammer (1969) defines the term ‘clinical’ as, â€Å"it is meant to imply supervision up close† That is the supervisor actually observes the teacher in the classroom, collects data on the observation, and uses the data for analysis following the observation†Goldhammer believed that the supervisory process is prime to embody an aire of open communication and trust between the teacher and his/her consulting teacher. The most basic element in the process is how the teacher feels about their personal level of capabilities. There has been an evolutionary explosion in the area of Clinical supervision in the past ten years. We have come to see the practice of development of cognitive coaching, peer coaching, and action research. Either one of these three processes can work in accord with either of the three clinical supervision models mention herein. If either of the processes is applied individually, as in the case of cognitive coaching; wherein Cos ta and Garmston (1994) , describes as, â€Å"a non-judgmental set of practices built around a planning conference, lesson observation, and a reflective follow-up conference†(Costa & Garmston). These processes breakdown a group of basic assumptions, guidelines, and skills which can work in all contact with other teachers, learners, and the parents. It follows, that when all three of these processes are super imposed over the various steps of either of the three models mentioned, it is a given that we are then reckoning with a major positive shift in the learning environment.

International HRM Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International HRM - Term Paper Example Consequently, it also enhanced its sustainability and competitive advantages among other apparent competitors in the market substantially assisting the organization to retain its market share and brand fidelity. Under the leadership and control of Adelia Adolfo, the productivity and profitability level in Calidad was enhanced to a significant extent, making headlines in a leading tourism industry publication of Yucatan's in the year 2010. Calidad became successful in the attainment of 14 new car-rental sites, which facilitated the enlargement of its brand image and its uniqueness in the market among other competing firms. In addition, acquisition of new rental sites also enhanced the efficiency and profit margin of Calidad, thereby amplifying its sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the management also decided to operate internationally, by purchasing the Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR), situated in the neighboring country of Belize. Therefore, to maintain the varied sites of BAR in an efficient and effective way, employing numerous skilled site-managers has become quite essential for Calidad. By employing skilled site-managers, the company intends to facilitate Calidad in broadening its market value and supremacy among other organizational players of the specific region. Due to this fact, the management of Calidad has made an attempt to recruit 10 site-managers, who will be responsible for supplementing the site operations, leading towards the improvement of its corporate image and revenue as it is extremely essential for Calidad to execute its operations in an effective way. The job responsibilities offered for the position of a site-manager will encompass the decision-making as well as strategic designing aimed at facilitating the company’s expansion and thereby will require highly skilled and experienced professionals. It will be a permanent job with 10 vacancies, comprising the liability of handling diverse types of site-related issues and client l iaisons. It is an urgent vacancy and the interested candidates should possess the below mentioned Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) along with other personal and desired abilities to fulfill the assigned Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs). Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities (TDRs) Management and supervision of the day to day actions of a particular site Controlling labor related issues in that particular site Maintaining vigilance over the number of cars, hired by the tourists Maintaining a record of all the tourists, hiring vehicles from the site of Belizean Auto Rentals (BAR) Providing the customer with every piece of requisite information as per their desires and requirements Maintaining both hard and soft copy of the charges of all cars, hired by tourists Preparation of balance sheets and profit and loss statements at the end of each month Knowledge Skills and Abilities (KSAs) Must possess excellent communication skills in English and Spanish An engineering degree in any discipline is mandatory Additional degree such as MBA or any other professional course will be preferred The candidate must have a minimum of 5-10 years experience in a similar field The candidate must have adequate local knowledge regarding the hiring rates of the rented vehicles Desirable Skills Excellent mastery of Microsoft Word and Excel along with other